Blood in Stool: Causes and When to Seek Help - Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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Blood in stool can be a concerning symptom, and it’s important to understand the potential causes and when to seek medical help. Based on your description, it seems that you have experienced bright red blood on toilet paper after bowel movements, occasional pain during bowel movements, and recently noticed a streak of blood on the surface of your stool.
The presence of bright red blood typically indicates that the bleeding is coming from the lower gastrointestinal tract, which includes the rectum and anus. Here are some common causes of blood in the stool:
1. Hemorrhoids: These are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus that can cause pain, itching, and bleeding, especially during bowel movements. The blood is usually bright red and may appear on toilet paper or on the surface of the stool.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools. They can lead to sharp pain during bowel movements and may also cause bright red blood.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticula are small pouches that can form in the walls of the colon. If these pouches become inflamed or infected (diverticulitis), they can cause bleeding.

4. Polyps or Colorectal Cancer: While less common, polyps (growths on the colon lining) and colorectal cancer can also cause bleeding. This is more likely if there are other symptoms such as changes in bowel habits, weight loss, or abdominal pain.

5. Gastrointestinal Infections: Certain infections can cause inflammation and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.

Given your symptoms, particularly the pain during bowel movements and the presence of blood, it is advisable to seek medical attention. A healthcare provider can perform a thorough evaluation, which may include a physical examination, a review of your medical history, and possibly diagnostic tests such as a colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy to visualize the rectum and colon.


When to Seek Help
You should seek medical attention if:
- The bleeding persists or worsens.

- You experience significant pain or discomfort.

- You notice changes in your bowel habits (e.g., diarrhea, constipation).

- You experience other symptoms such as fever, weight loss, or fatigue.


Conclusion
While some causes of blood in the stool, such as hemorrhoids or anal fissures, may be benign and treatable, it is crucial to rule out more serious conditions. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and ensure better outcomes. If you have concerns about your symptoms, don’t hesitate to consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment options. Remember, your health is important, and seeking help is a proactive step towards understanding and addressing your symptoms.