Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Bleeding, Pregnancy Risks, and Side Effects

Emergency contraceptive pill

I would like to ask the doctor, I took the emergency contraceptive pill and had only a little bit of bleeding.
Is this what is referred to as withdrawal bleeding, or is it just regular spotting? After two days, I had intercourse with my boyfriend twice, and he ejaculated inside me both times.
Afterward, I suddenly experienced heavy bleeding, which then decreased.
Is it still possible for me to get pregnant? I have seen a doctor, but he told me not to worry about pregnancy.
Is that true? Additionally, I experienced dizziness, chills, and abdominal pain after taking the emergency contraceptive.
What does this indicate? Thank you, doctor.

Lin, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2015/07/14

Dr. Zhong Wenzhen reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

1.
Emergency contraceptive pills are effective only one to two days before and after ovulation, with bleeding resembling menstruation occurring about three days later.
Taking the pills too early (during the follicular phase) or too late (during the luteal phase) does not qualify as emergency contraception; therefore, it is relatively important to confirm the timing of the medication in relation to the endometrial phase.
2.
As for post-coital bleeding, it is a separate issue, and it is advisable to seek medical attention for evaluation.

Reply Date: 2015/07/14

More Info

Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) are designed to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. Understanding their effects, including potential bleeding, pregnancy risks, and side effects, is crucial for anyone considering their use.

When you take an emergency contraceptive pill, it can lead to various outcomes, including changes in your menstrual cycle. The bleeding you experienced after taking the pill could be a side effect known as "withdrawal bleeding," which is similar to a menstrual period. This bleeding can occur as your body reacts to the hormonal changes induced by the ECPs. It is important to note that this bleeding does not necessarily indicate that you are not pregnant; it is simply a response to the medication.

Regarding your concern about the possibility of pregnancy after having unprotected intercourse again, it is essential to understand the timing. ECPs are most effective when taken as soon as possible after unprotected sex, ideally within 72 hours, but they can work up to 5 days after. However, their effectiveness diminishes the longer you wait. If you had unprotected intercourse after taking the ECP, there is still a risk of pregnancy from that encounter, especially if it occurred within the fertile window of your menstrual cycle.

The symptoms you described—dizziness, chills, and abdominal pain—are common side effects of ECPs. These symptoms can occur as your body adjusts to the hormonal changes. However, if these symptoms are severe or persist, it is advisable to seek medical attention to rule out other potential issues, such as an ectopic pregnancy or other complications.

In terms of your doctor's reassurance that you are unlikely to be pregnant, it is important to consider that while ECPs are effective, no contraceptive method is 100% foolproof. If your period is delayed by more than a week from when you expect it, or if you experience severe symptoms, it would be prudent to take a pregnancy test or consult your healthcare provider for further evaluation.

In summary, while ECPs are a reliable method to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse, they are not infallible. The bleeding you experienced could be a side effect of the medication, and while your doctor may feel confident that you are not pregnant, it is essential to monitor your body and symptoms closely. If you have further concerns or if your symptoms worsen, do not hesitate to seek medical advice. Always prioritize your health and well-being, and consider discussing long-term contraceptive options with your healthcare provider to avoid similar situations in the future.

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