Scalp Folliculitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment - Dermatology

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Scalp folliculitis is a common condition characterized by inflammation of the hair follicles on the scalp. It can present as red, swollen bumps that may be painful or itchy. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for scalp folliculitis is essential for effective management and recovery.


Causes
Scalp folliculitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
1. Bacterial Infection: The most common cause is a bacterial infection, particularly by Staphylococcus aureus. This bacterium can enter the hair follicles through small cuts or abrasions on the scalp.

2. Fungal Infection: Fungal infections, such as those caused by Malassezia yeast, can also lead to folliculitis.

3. Irritation: Frequent irritation from shaving, wearing tight hats, or using harsh hair products can inflame the hair follicles.

4. Blocked Follicles: Excess oil, sweat, or dead skin cells can clog hair follicles, leading to inflammation.

5. Underlying Conditions: Conditions such as diabetes or immune system disorders can predispose individuals to folliculitis.


Symptoms
The symptoms of scalp folliculitis typically include:
- Red, inflamed bumps at the base of hair follicles
- Pain or tenderness in the affected area
- Itching or burning sensation
- Pus-filled blisters that may burst and crust over
- Scalp tenderness, especially when pressure is applied
In your case, the persistent redness and swelling at the back of your head, along with pain when pressure is applied, suggest an active inflammatory process. The fact that it has not resolved on its own and has been painful indicates that it may require medical intervention.


Treatment
Treatment for scalp folliculitis usually involves:
1. Topical Antibiotics: If a bacterial infection is suspected, your doctor may prescribe topical antibiotics to reduce inflammation and eliminate the infection.

2. Oral Antibiotics: In more severe cases, oral antibiotics may be necessary to treat the infection effectively.

3. Antifungal Treatments: If a fungal infection is identified, antifungal medications may be prescribed.

4. Corticosteroids: Topical corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation and relieve itching.

5. Proper Hygiene: Keeping the scalp clean and avoiding irritants can help prevent further outbreaks. Gentle cleansing with mild shampoos is recommended.

6. Avoiding Irritation: It is advisable to avoid tight hats or hairstyles that may irritate the scalp. If you are experiencing discomfort from clothing or pressure, consider adjusting your attire to minimize irritation.


Recovery and Sun Exposure
Regarding your concern about sun exposure, while moderate sun exposure can be beneficial for skin health, excessive sun exposure can potentially irritate inflamed skin and delay healing. It is advisable to protect the affected area from direct sunlight, especially if you are using topical medications that may increase sensitivity to sunlight. Wearing a hat or using sunscreen on the surrounding areas (if not directly on the inflamed skin) can help protect your scalp while allowing for some sun exposure.


Conclusion
In summary, scalp folliculitis is an inflammatory condition that can be effectively managed with appropriate medical treatment and self-care measures. If your symptoms persist or worsen despite treatment, it is crucial to follow up with your healthcare provider for further evaluation. They may consider additional diagnostic tests or alternative treatments to address the underlying cause of your folliculitis.