Blood in Stool: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Blood in stool, or hematochezia, can be a concerning symptom that warrants careful evaluation. The presence of bright red blood in the stool often indicates bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract, which includes the colon and rectum. The fact that you have experienced this symptom multiple times, along with abdominal pain, raises the need for further investigation.

There are several potential causes for blood in the stool, ranging from benign to serious conditions. Common causes include:
1. Hemorrhoids: Swollen blood vessels in the rectum or anus that can bleed, especially during bowel movements. This is one of the most common causes of bright red blood in the stool.

2. Anal fissures: Small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools, can lead to bleeding and pain.

3. Diverticular disease: Diverticulosis and diverticulitis can cause bleeding in the colon. Diverticulitis occurs when diverticula become inflamed or infected.

4. Colorectal polyps: These are growths on the lining of the colon or rectum that can bleed. Some polyps can develop into cancer over time.

5. Colorectal cancer: This is a more serious cause of blood in the stool, especially if accompanied by other symptoms such as weight loss, changes in bowel habits, or abdominal discomfort.

6. Gastrointestinal infections: Certain infections can cause inflammation and bleeding in the intestines.

7. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis can lead to blood in the stool.

Given that you have experienced this symptom repeatedly and it is accompanied by abdominal pain, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly. A healthcare provider will likely perform a thorough history and physical examination, and may recommend diagnostic tests such as:
- Stool tests: To check for infections or the presence of blood.

- Colonoscopy: A procedure that allows direct visualization of the colon and rectum, and can help identify the source of bleeding.

- Imaging studies: Such as a CT scan, to evaluate for other potential causes of abdominal pain and bleeding.

In terms of severity, the presence of blood in the stool, especially if it is significant or recurrent, should not be taken lightly. While some causes may be benign, others can be serious and require immediate intervention.
In summary, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional as soon as possible to determine the underlying cause of your symptoms and to receive appropriate treatment. Do not delay seeking help, especially since you have experienced this symptom multiple times. Early diagnosis and management can significantly improve outcomes and prevent potential complications.