Blood in Stool: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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When it comes to blood in the stool, it can be a concerning symptom that warrants careful evaluation. The presence of dark red blood in the stool, especially if it has persisted for nearly a week, should not be ignored. There are several potential causes for this condition, and understanding them can help determine the appropriate course of action.


Possible Causes of Blood in Stool
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of bright red blood in the stool is hemorrhoids, which are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus. They can cause bleeding, especially during bowel movements, but typically do not cause pain unless they are thrombosed.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools. They can lead to bleeding and significant pain during bowel movements.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis, which involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall, can lead to diverticulitis if these pouches become inflamed. This condition can cause bleeding and changes in bowel habits.

4. Colorectal Polyps or Cancer: Polyps are growths on the lining of the colon or rectum that can bleed. Some polyps can become cancerous over time, so any bleeding associated with changes in bowel habits should be evaluated.

5. Gastrointestinal Infections: Certain infections can cause inflammation and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to blood in the stool.

6. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis can cause chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to bleeding.


When to Seek Help
Given your symptoms—dark red blood in the stool, increased frequency of bowel movements with decreased volume, and the absence of pain or burning—it's essential to seek medical attention. Here are some guidelines on when to see a doctor:
- Persistent Symptoms: If the bleeding continues for more than a few days, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider.

- Volume of Blood: If you notice a significant amount of blood or if the blood is mixed with stool, this is a red flag.

- Changes in Bowel Habits: Any significant changes in bowel habits, such as increased frequency or consistency changes, should be evaluated.

- Associated Symptoms: If you experience other symptoms such as weight loss, fatigue, or abdominal pain, these could indicate a more serious condition.


Diagnostic Steps
When you visit a healthcare provider, they may recommend several diagnostic tests, including:
- Physical Examination: A thorough examination, including a rectal exam, can help identify hemorrhoids or fissures.

- Blood Tests: These can check for anemia or infection.

- Stool Tests: To check for infections or blood.

- Imaging Studies: Such as a colonoscopy or CT scan, may be necessary to visualize the colon and identify any underlying issues.


Conclusion
In summary, while there are several benign causes of blood in the stool, the persistence of your symptoms for nearly a week, combined with your history of gastrointestinal issues, necessitates a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing any potential underlying conditions effectively. Please do not hesitate to seek medical attention to ensure your health and peace of mind.