Allergic Conjunctivitis: Symptoms, Triggers, and Treatments

Allergic conjunctivitis

Hello Doctor: Since junior high school, I have often experienced numbness and pain in my left eye.
After visiting an ophthalmologist, the results indicated that it was due to allergies.
Last year, around March and April, I suddenly started to feel itching in the inner corner of my left eye, near the nose.
The allergy medication prescribed by the ophthalmologist did not work very well.
I would like to ask if this itching is related to my nasal allergies.
My nasal allergy symptoms are not very pronounced; I do not have a lot of nasal discharge, but I occasionally experience nasal congestion.
I suspect that since using nasal sprays and taking antihistamines have improved the itching, the itching in the corner of my eye that started last year may be related to my nasal allergies.

Additionally, I experience numbness and pain when I am emotionally agitated or after consuming certain foods, such as spicy foods, or when drinking tea.
Could this be caused by allergies? I have regular detailed check-ups at the ophthalmologist every six months, and my intraocular pressure is normal.
The examination results only indicate allergy issues, so I would like to ask if these foods and emotions could trigger allergic reactions.

tiffany, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2015/11/08

Dr. Wang Zhishun reply Ophthalmology

Allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis often occur together, so nasal sprays and antihistamines can also help with eye symptoms.
Typically, both conditions need to be treated for effective relief.
In theory, reducing the intake of spicy foods may be beneficial, and it's also advisable to be cautious with foods that are known to trigger allergies.
However, recently, allergens are primarily likely to come from the air, so wearing a mask may be a better option.

Reply Date: 2015/11/08

More Info

Allergic conjunctivitis is a common condition that occurs when the eyes come into contact with allergens, leading to inflammation and irritation. Understanding its symptoms, triggers, and treatments can help manage this condition effectively.

Symptoms of Allergic Conjunctivitis
The symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis can vary but typically include:
1. Itching: This is often the most prominent symptom, particularly in the inner corners of the eyes.

2. Redness: The eyes may appear red and inflamed due to increased blood flow to the conjunctival vessels.

3. Swelling: The eyelids and conjunctiva may become swollen.

4. Tearing: Increased tear production is common as the body attempts to wash away the allergens.

5. Discharge: There may be a watery discharge, but it is usually not purulent (pus-like) as seen in bacterial infections.

6. Burning or stinging: Some individuals may experience a burning sensation in their eyes.

Triggers of Allergic Conjunctivitis
Common triggers include:
- Pollen: Trees, grasses, and weeds can release pollen that triggers allergic reactions.

- Dust mites: These microscopic organisms thrive in household dust and can provoke allergies.

- Pet dander: Proteins found in the skin flakes, urine, and saliva of furry pets can cause allergic reactions.

- Mold spores: Mold can grow in damp areas and release spores into the air.

- Chemical irritants: Smoke, strong odors, and certain cosmetics can also trigger symptoms.

Relationship Between Allergic Conjunctivitis and Nasal Allergies
Your experience with itchy eyes and nasal congestion suggests a possible link between your allergic conjunctivitis and nasal allergies. Allergic rhinitis (nasal allergies) and allergic conjunctivitis often occur together because they are both triggered by the same allergens. Even if your nasal symptoms are mild, they can still contribute to eye symptoms. The inflammation in the nasal passages can lead to increased mucus production, which may indirectly affect the eyes, especially if you rub them frequently due to discomfort.

Emotional Triggers and Food Sensitivities
You mentioned that emotional stress and certain foods, such as spicy foods or tea, can exacerbate your symptoms. Emotional stress can indeed trigger or worsen allergic reactions in some individuals due to the release of histamines and other inflammatory mediators in response to stress.
As for food, while allergic conjunctivitis is primarily triggered by environmental allergens, some individuals may experience symptoms related to food allergies or sensitivities. Spicy foods can cause temporary irritation or flushing, which might mimic allergic reactions. However, true food allergies typically involve systemic symptoms such as hives, swelling, or gastrointestinal distress.

Treatment Options
1. Avoidance: The first step in managing allergic conjunctivitis is to avoid known allergens whenever possible.

2. Antihistamines: Oral antihistamines can help alleviate symptoms by blocking histamine receptors. Topical antihistamine eye drops are also effective for localized symptoms.

3. Decongestants: These can reduce redness and swelling in the eyes.

4. Cold compresses: Applying a cold compress to the eyes can provide relief from itching and swelling.

5. Artificial tears: These can help wash away allergens and provide moisture to the eyes.

6. Immunotherapy: For individuals with severe or persistent symptoms, allergy shots or sublingual tablets may be considered to desensitize the immune system to specific allergens.

Conclusion
In summary, your symptoms of itchy eyes and nasal congestion are likely interconnected due to underlying allergic reactions. It is essential to work closely with your healthcare provider to identify specific triggers and develop an effective management plan. Regular eye examinations are crucial, especially if you have a history of allergies, to monitor any changes in your condition and adjust treatment as necessary.

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