Gum Inflammation: Causes, Treatments, and Recovery

Gingivitis

Hello Doctor: Since around September, I have felt swelling in the gums between my front teeth.
I visited the dentist, who said it was tartar buildup, and they performed a cleaning and scraped out the tartar, which caused a lot of bleeding.
However, it seems that there has been no improvement, and I still feel the swelling.
Last week, I woke up to find my gums suddenly very swollen, with a white appearance that looked like pus.
The dentist said it was gum inflammation and decided to incise the swollen area and clean it out, but this time it felt worse than the last.
After that, I felt like it was slowly getting better, but today I noticed small white spots again.
Could you please tell me what this situation might be?

Xiao Wen, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2015/12/18

Dr. Zeng Guanghui reply Dentistry

The above situation may be caused by bacterial infection on the surface of dental plaque, leading to gingival inflammation, swelling, and bleeding.
After the removal of dental plaque or calculus, the gingival inflammation should gradually improve.
If there are still small white spots, it may indicate chronic inflammation resulting in a fistula.
It is advisable to consult a dentist for further diagnosis and treatment.

Reply Date: 2015/12/18

More Info

Gum inflammation, also known as gingivitis, is a common dental issue that can arise from various factors, including plaque buildup, poor oral hygiene, and underlying health conditions. Your experience with gum swelling and the presence of pus-like spots indicates a more severe form of gum disease, possibly progressing to periodontitis if not addressed properly.

Causes of Gum Inflammation
1. Plaque and Tartar Buildup: The primary cause of gum inflammation is the accumulation of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth. If not removed through regular brushing and flossing, plaque can harden into tartar, which can only be removed by a dental professional.

2. Poor Oral Hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing can lead to the development of gum disease. It is essential to maintain a consistent oral hygiene routine to prevent inflammation.

3. Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those occurring during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause, can make gums more sensitive and susceptible to inflammation.

4. Medical Conditions: Certain health issues, such as diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and blood disorders, can increase the risk of gum disease. Additionally, medications that cause dry mouth can also contribute to gum problems.

5. Smoking and Tobacco Use: Tobacco products can impair blood flow to the gums, making them more vulnerable to infection and inflammation.

Treatments for Gum Inflammation
1. Professional Dental Cleaning: Regular dental cleanings are crucial for removing plaque and tartar. Your dentist's initial treatment of scaling and root planing is a standard procedure to address gum disease.

2. Antibiotics: If there is a significant infection, your dentist may prescribe antibiotics to help control the bacterial growth in the gums.

3. Improved Oral Hygiene: Maintaining a rigorous oral hygiene routine is vital. This includes brushing at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, flossing daily, and using an antibacterial mouthwash.

4. Surgical Procedures: In severe cases, surgical interventions may be necessary to restore gum health. This can include flap surgery or bone grafts to repair damaged tissues.

5. Lifestyle Changes: Quitting smoking, managing stress, and maintaining a balanced diet can significantly improve gum health.

Recovery and Prognosis
Recovery from gum inflammation largely depends on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of the treatment. If caught early, gingivitis can often be reversed with proper dental care and hygiene practices. However, if the inflammation has progressed to periodontitis, the damage may be more challenging to reverse, but with appropriate treatment, further damage can be prevented.

Your Current Situation
Given your description of persistent swelling and the appearance of white spots, it is crucial to follow up with your dentist. The white spots may indicate the presence of pus or necrotic tissue, which could signify an ongoing infection. It is essential to address this promptly to prevent further complications, such as tooth loss or systemic infections.

In summary, gum inflammation can be effectively managed with a combination of professional dental care and diligent home hygiene practices. If your symptoms persist or worsen, do not hesitate to seek further evaluation from your dentist or a periodontist, who specializes in gum diseases. Regular check-ups and cleanings are vital to maintaining gum health and preventing future issues.

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