Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Dizziness, Nausea, and Bleeding Concerns

Emergency contraceptive pills can cause dizziness and nausea?

On December 12, I had unprotected intercourse with my girlfriend, which was the first night after her menstrual period ended.
I bought emergency contraception for her to take.
On December 16, my girlfriend reported experiencing bleeding that resembled her menstrual period, but the amount was less than usual, and it has continued until today.
She also feels dizzy and nauseous.
Could this be a side effect of the emergency contraception? What is the likelihood of pregnancy?

Xiao Duan, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2015/12/20

Dr. Lü Lizheng reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

The response may indicate side effects; however, if they persist for too long, medical attention is still necessary.
The likelihood of pregnancy is low, but it is not completely impossible.
Sincerely, Dr.
Li-Cheng Lu, Taoyuan Hospital.

Reply Date: 2015/12/20

More Info

Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) are a form of birth control that can be taken after unprotected sexual intercourse to prevent pregnancy. They are most effective when taken as soon as possible after the incident, ideally within 72 hours, but some types can be taken up to 5 days later. In your case, your girlfriend took the ECP on the same day as the unprotected intercourse, which is a timely response.

Regarding the symptoms your girlfriend is experiencing—dizziness, nausea, and abnormal bleeding—these can indeed be side effects of ECPs. ECPs can cause hormonal fluctuations in the body, leading to various side effects, including:
1. Nausea and Vomiting: These are common side effects of ECPs. If vomiting occurs within two hours of taking the pill, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider, as the effectiveness of the pill may be compromised.

2. Dizziness: Hormonal changes can also lead to feelings of dizziness. This can be due to changes in blood pressure or other hormonal effects.

3. Bleeding: The bleeding your girlfriend is experiencing could be a side effect of the ECP. It is not uncommon for women to experience spotting or irregular bleeding after taking emergency contraception. This bleeding may resemble a lighter-than-normal period and can last for a few days to a week.

As for the likelihood of pregnancy, since your girlfriend took the ECP shortly after unprotected intercourse, the chances of becoming pregnant are significantly reduced. However, no contraceptive method is 100% effective. If she continues to experience unusual symptoms or if the bleeding persists beyond a week, it would be wise for her to consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation. They may recommend a pregnancy test to rule out pregnancy, especially if there is any doubt.

It is also important to note that if your girlfriend's bleeding becomes heavy, or if she experiences severe abdominal pain, it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately, as these could be signs of a more serious condition.

In summary, the symptoms your girlfriend is experiencing are likely side effects of the emergency contraceptive pill. While the risk of pregnancy is low due to the timely administration of the pill, monitoring her symptoms and consulting a healthcare provider if they persist or worsen is essential for her health and peace of mind.

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