Hepatitis B: Vaccine Efficacy and Transmission Risks

Issues related to Hepatitis B?

I apologize, but I would like to ask: I received the hepatitis B vaccine two years ago, and at that time, I had no hepatitis B antigens or antibodies.
I donated blood two months ago, and the blood donation center did not find any abnormalities.
Two weeks ago, I underwent a health check, and the report showed: Rubella IgG (+) 36.94, HBsAg (+) 1.07, Anti-HBs (+) 78.68, Anti-HCV (-) 0.05.
I would like to know, if someone has been vaccinated and has antibodies, shouldn't they be immune to infection? Is it possible that I could transmit the virus to others? Thank you.

yu, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2015/12/28

Dr. Zeng Guosen reply Internal Medicine

Individuals who have been vaccinated and have sufficient antibody levels are unlikely to become infected and will not transmit the virus to others.
Thank you for your question.

Reply Date: 2015/12/28

More Info

Understanding Hepatitis B: Vaccine Efficacy and Transmission Risks
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic diseases. The Hepatitis B vaccine is a highly effective way to prevent infection, and it is recommended for all infants, children, and adults who are at risk. The vaccine works by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), thereby providing immunity.

In your case, you mentioned that you received the Hepatitis B vaccine two years ago and that you had no Hepatitis B antigens or antibodies at that time. However, your recent health check revealed that you are now HBsAg positive, which indicates that you are currently infected with the virus. The presence of Anti-HBs antibodies (78.68) suggests that you had a response to the vaccine, but the recent positive HBsAg result indicates that you have contracted the virus despite being vaccinated.

It is important to clarify that while the Hepatitis B vaccine is highly effective, it is not 100% foolproof. Some individuals may not develop adequate immunity even after vaccination, which can lead to susceptibility to infection. The reasons for this can vary, including factors such as age, immune system status, and the presence of other medical conditions. In your case, it is possible that you were exposed to the virus before the vaccine had a chance to provide full protection, or that your immune response to the vaccine was insufficient.

Regarding the transmission of Hepatitis B, it is crucial to understand how the virus spreads. Hepatitis B is primarily transmitted through contact with infectious body fluids, such as blood, semen, and vaginal secretions. This can occur through various means, including unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, and from mother to child during childbirth. The risk of transmission through casual contact, such as sharing utensils or through saliva, is extremely low.

Since you are currently HBsAg positive, you are considered infectious and can potentially transmit the virus to others. It is essential to take precautions to prevent spreading the virus, especially in intimate or close-contact situations. Informing sexual partners and practicing safe sex (using condoms) are critical steps in reducing the risk of transmission. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid sharing personal items that may come into contact with blood, such as razors or toothbrushes.

In terms of your health, it is crucial to follow up with a healthcare provider for further evaluation and management of your Hepatitis B infection. They may recommend additional tests to determine the extent of liver involvement and whether treatment is necessary. Current treatment options for chronic Hepatitis B include antiviral medications that can help control the virus and reduce the risk of liver damage.

In summary, while the Hepatitis B vaccine is effective, it is not infallible, and individuals can still contract the virus. If you are HBsAg positive, you are infectious and should take steps to prevent transmission to others. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential for managing your health and understanding your specific situation regarding Hepatitis B.

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