Emergency Contraceptive Pills and Menstrual Changes

Are you asking about taking oral contraceptives?

Doctor, I had unprotected intercourse on January 1st and accidentally ejaculated inside.
I took emergency contraception on January 2nd, and I started bleeding on January 7th.
I have researched online and found that some people experience bleeding, which is normal.
However, I would like to know if my menstrual cycle has been disrupted and whether I might not get my period this month.
I expect my period to come between the 20th and 23rd, as it started on the 24th last month.
Thank you!

Claire, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2016/01/08

Dr. Tian Yiwen reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Typically, the next menstrual period is calculated as starting from seven days after the previous one, but individual differences in physiology can lead to variations.
Emergency contraceptive pills contain high doses of hormones, and some individuals may experience menstrual irregularities after taking them.

Reply Date: 2016/01/08

More Info

Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) are designed to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. They are most effective when taken as soon as possible after the event, ideally within 72 hours, but some formulations can be taken up to 5 days later. The active ingredients in ECPs can vary, but they typically contain levonorgestrel or ulipristal acetate.
After taking ECPs, it is common for women to experience changes in their menstrual cycle. These changes can include spotting or bleeding, which you mentioned experiencing starting on January 7, just a few days after taking the pill. This bleeding can be a side effect of the hormones in the ECPs and is often referred to as "withdrawal bleeding." It is important to note that this bleeding does not necessarily indicate the onset of your regular menstrual period.

Regarding your concern about whether your menstrual cycle will be disrupted, it is indeed possible. ECPs can cause your next period to arrive earlier or later than expected. In your case, since your last period started on December 24, and you expect your next one around January 20-23, the timing may be affected by the ECP you took. Some women may find that their periods are delayed by a week or more, while others may have their periods come earlier than usual.

If you do not get your period within a week of when you expect it, it is advisable to take a pregnancy test to rule out pregnancy, as ECPs are not 100% effective. Additionally, if you experience heavy bleeding, severe abdominal pain, or any other concerning symptoms, you should consult a healthcare provider.

In summary, it is normal for ECPs to cause some menstrual irregularities, including spotting or changes in the timing of your next period. While it is possible that your cycle may be disrupted, it is also possible that your period will arrive as expected. Monitoring your symptoms and being aware of any significant changes will help you manage your reproductive health effectively. If you have further concerns or if your menstrual cycle does not return to normal in the following months, consider discussing this with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and management.

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