Cradle Cap: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment for Infants

Nipple eczema issue?

Hello Doctor, my baby recently developed a white scab on the face, with a few small bumps around it.
The scab area did not have any prior injury, but there is a thick white membrane covering the skin.
It has been about two weeks, and it hasn't spread, but it also hasn't healed.
After researching online, it seems similar to what is referred to as "milk crust" or seborrheic dermatitis.
Should I seek medical attention, or can it heal naturally with dietary adjustments? My baby is currently over 8 months old, exclusively breastfed, with some solid foods.
Thank you, Doctor.

Miss Zhang, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2016/01/29

Dr. Xiao Kaiwen reply Pediatrics

For mild cases of eczema, moisturizing lotions can be used to hydrate the skin (especially after bathing).
The water used for washing the face should not be too hot; plain water is preferable (as regular soaps can wash away too much protective oil).
However, if the condition is severe, medical attention may be necessary for topical treatments.
The relationship to diet is not definitive (there are theories suggesting that infants may develop sensitivities to food and environmental factors, but no conclusive evidence exists).
Consulting a pediatrician is recommended.

Reply Date: 2016/01/29

More Info

Cradle cap, medically known as seborrheic dermatitis, is a common condition in infants characterized by scaly patches on the scalp, face, and sometimes other areas of the body. It typically appears as yellowish or white crusty patches and can be accompanied by small bumps or flakes. While it can be concerning for parents, cradle cap is generally harmless and often resolves on its own without medical intervention.

Causes of Cradle Cap
The exact cause of cradle cap is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute to its development:
1. Sebaceous Glands: Infants have active sebaceous (oil) glands that can produce excess oil, leading to the formation of crusty patches.

2. Yeast Overgrowth: A type of yeast called Malassezia, which is naturally present on the skin, may proliferate and contribute to the condition.

3. Hormonal Factors: Hormones passed from the mother to the baby during pregnancy may stimulate the sebaceous glands, leading to cradle cap.

4. Genetic Predisposition: Some infants may be more prone to developing cradle cap due to family history.

Symptoms
The primary symptoms of cradle cap include:
- Yellowish or white crusty patches on the scalp.

- Flaky or scaly skin that may appear greasy.

- Redness or inflammation in some cases.

- The condition may also appear on the face, particularly around the eyebrows, eyelids, and behind the ears.

In your case, the white scab-like area on your baby's face, along with small bumps, does sound like cradle cap, especially since it has not spread and has been present for about two weeks.

Treatment Options
In most cases, cradle cap does not require medical treatment and can be managed at home. Here are some recommended approaches:
1. Gentle Cleansing: Wash your baby's scalp with a mild baby shampoo to help remove scales. You can do this a few times a week.

2. Soft Brushing: After washing, gently brush the scalp with a soft brush or a washcloth to help loosen and remove the flakes.

3. Moisturizing: Applying a small amount of baby oil or mineral oil to the affected area can help soften the scales. Leave it on for a short period before washing it out.

4. Avoiding Irritants: Ensure that any products used on your baby's skin are fragrance-free and formulated for sensitive skin.

When to Seek Medical Advice
While cradle cap is usually benign, you should consult a pediatrician if:
- The condition worsens or spreads.

- There are signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, or pus.

- Your baby seems to be in discomfort or pain.

- The patches do not improve with home treatment after a few weeks.

Dietary Considerations
Regarding dietary adjustments, cradle cap is not typically linked to diet, especially in breastfed infants. However, if you suspect that certain foods in your diet may be affecting your baby, it might be worth discussing with your pediatrician. They can provide guidance on whether any dietary changes are necessary.

In summary, cradle cap is a common and usually harmless condition in infants that can often be managed at home with gentle care. If you have any concerns or if the condition does not improve, it is always best to consult with your pediatrician for personalized advice and treatment options.

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