Can Diabetics Undergo Orthognathic Surgery Safely? - Dentistry

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Orthognathic surgery, also known as corrective jaw surgery, is a procedure that can significantly improve the function and aesthetics of the jaw and face. For individuals with diabetes, particularly those with a history of poorly controlled blood sugar levels, there are specific considerations to keep in mind when contemplating this type of surgery.

First and foremost, diabetes itself does not automatically disqualify a patient from undergoing orthognathic surgery. The key factor is the control of blood glucose levels prior to and during the surgical process. Well-controlled diabetes, characterized by stable blood sugar levels, can mitigate many of the risks associated with surgery. Conversely, poorly controlled diabetes can lead to complications such as delayed wound healing, increased risk of infection, and potential cardiovascular issues, which can complicate both the surgery and recovery.

Before surgery, it is crucial for diabetic patients to have a thorough evaluation by their healthcare team, including their primary care physician and the surgical team. This evaluation typically includes:
1. Blood Sugar Control: Patients should aim for optimal blood glucose levels leading up to the surgery. This may involve adjustments in medication, diet, and monitoring practices.

2. Preoperative Assessment: A comprehensive assessment of the patient's overall health, including any diabetes-related complications (such as neuropathy, retinopathy, or cardiovascular issues), is essential. This helps the surgical team understand the patient's baseline health status and tailor the surgical approach accordingly.

3. Infection Risk: Diabetics are at a higher risk for infections post-surgery. Surgeons may prescribe prophylactic antibiotics to reduce this risk. Additionally, maintaining good oral hygiene before and after the surgery is vital.

4. Postoperative Care: After the surgery, close monitoring of blood sugar levels is necessary. Stress from surgery can cause blood sugar levels to fluctuate, so adjustments in diabetes management may be required during recovery.

5. Nutritional Considerations: Post-surgery, patients may have dietary restrictions due to swelling or discomfort. It’s important to work with a nutritionist to ensure that dietary choices support both recovery and blood sugar control.

6. Follow-Up: Regular follow-up appointments are crucial to monitor healing and manage any complications that may arise. This includes both dental follow-ups and diabetes management appointments.

In summary, while diabetes presents additional challenges when considering orthognathic surgery, it does not preclude the possibility of undergoing the procedure. With proper management and a coordinated approach involving the surgical team and diabetes care providers, many diabetic patients can safely undergo orthognathic surgery and achieve positive outcomes. It is essential for your sister to discuss her specific situation with her healthcare providers to ensure that all necessary precautions are taken, and to address any concerns she may have regarding the surgery.