Uterine Polyps: Impact on Menstrual Cycle and Fertility

Uterine polyp issues

Hello Doctor: I went for a gynecological check-up because I want to get pregnant and found out that my endometrium is thin.
Later, I noticed that my menstrual flow has decreased and there are some spotting.
Today, after undergoing a hysteroscopy, I discovered that I have a polyp, and I have scheduled a minor surgery to remove it next Tuesday.
I would like to ask if there is a relationship between the polyp, the decreased menstrual flow, and the thin endometrium? If there is no connection, what further examinations should I undergo? I was so overwhelmed by the news of the surgery today that I forgot to ask the doctor.
Also, what type of procedure is used to remove the uterine polyp? Thank you, Doctor, for your assistance.

Youzi, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2016/02/19

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, polyps and changes in menstrual flow, as well as a thin endometrium, are not necessarily related.
Generally, if a physician discovers polyps during an examination, they will recommend their removal.
If the hysteroscopy equipment is adequate, it can be addressed at that time.
I'm not sure how your doctor plans to handle your situation, so I suggest consulting your obstetrician-gynecologist for clarification.
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2016/02/19

More Info

Uterine polyps are growths that occur on the inner lining of the uterus (the endometrium) and can significantly impact menstrual cycles and fertility. Understanding their relationship with menstrual irregularities and fertility is crucial for women who are trying to conceive.

Firstly, it is important to note that uterine polyps can indeed be associated with changes in menstrual patterns. Women with polyps may experience irregular bleeding, which can manifest as heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia), prolonged periods, or spotting between periods. This irregularity can be attributed to the hormonal imbalances caused by the polyps, which can disrupt the normal shedding of the endometrial lining during menstruation. In your case, the observation of a thinner endometrium and reduced menstrual flow could be related to the presence of polyps, as they can interfere with the normal functioning of the endometrium.

Regarding fertility, uterine polyps can also play a role in difficulty conceiving. They may interfere with the implantation of an embryo, thereby reducing the chances of successful pregnancy. The presence of polyps can create an inhospitable environment for embryo attachment, which is critical for a successful pregnancy. Additionally, if the polyps are large or numerous, they can physically obstruct the uterine cavity, further complicating the ability to conceive.

In terms of surgical intervention, the removal of uterine polyps is typically performed through a procedure called hysteroscopy. This minimally invasive surgery involves inserting a hysteroscope (a thin, lighted tube) through the vagina and cervix into the uterus. The surgeon can then visualize the polyps and remove them using specialized instruments. This procedure is often done on an outpatient basis, meaning you can go home the same day. Hysteroscopic polypectomy is generally considered safe and effective, and many women experience improvements in their menstrual cycles and fertility following the removal of polyps.

After the surgery, it is advisable to monitor your menstrual cycle and any symptoms you may experience. If your menstrual flow normalizes and you continue to have difficulty conceiving, further evaluations may be warranted. These could include hormone level assessments, imaging studies (like an ultrasound), or even a hysterosalpingogram (HSG) to evaluate the patency of the fallopian tubes.

In summary, uterine polyps can be related to changes in menstrual cycles and may impact fertility. The surgical removal of these polyps can potentially restore normal menstrual function and improve the chances of conception. It is essential to follow up with your healthcare provider after the procedure to discuss any further steps or evaluations needed to enhance your fertility journey. Remember, each case is unique, and your healthcare provider will be the best resource for personalized advice and treatment options.

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