Emergency Contraceptive Pill: Side Effects and Pregnancy Risks Explained

Q: Emergency Contraceptive Pill: Side Effects and Pregnancy Risks Explained

Hello, the questioner： There is a possibility of pregnancy even if ejaculation has not occurred, as pre-ejaculatory fluid may contain sperm. <br>The effectiveness of emergency contraception is not 100%, with a failure rate of about 3%. <br>Based on the description, it is difficul

Taking emergency contraception after unprotected intercourse during the fertile period may cause nausea?

On April 17, my period started and ended on the 23rd.
My menstrual cycle has been irregular.
On May 1, I believe I was in my fertile window, but I had unprotected intercourse with my boyfriend.
He pulled out before ejaculation, but I felt like something might have entered my vagina.
I took emergency contraception within an hour after the incident.
However, that night I had a fever and vomiting.
I'm unsure if it's due to the flu or a side effect of the emergency contraception.
Should I take another dose of the emergency contraception? What is the likelihood of pregnancy?

Niming, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2016/05/02

Dr. Zhang Kunmin reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, the questioner: There is a possibility of pregnancy even if ejaculation has not occurred, as pre-ejaculatory fluid may contain sperm.
The effectiveness of emergency contraception is not 100%, with a failure rate of about 3%.
Based on the description, it is difficult to determine if the medication was vomited; it can be taken again.
It is recommended to check for pregnancy if menstruation is more than a week late.
Thank you! Wishing you safety and health, Dr.
Zhang.

Reply Date: 2016/05/02

More Info

Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), commonly known as "morning-after pills," are designed to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. The two most common types of ECPs are those containing levonorgestrel (Plan B One-Step) and ulipristal acetate (Ella). Understanding their side effects and the risks associated with pregnancy is essential for anyone considering their use.

In your case, you took an ECP within one hour after unprotected intercourse, which is a critical factor. ECPs are most effective when taken as soon as possible after unprotected sex, ideally within 72 hours for levonorgestrel and up to 120 hours for ulipristal acetate. The sooner you take the pill, the higher the chance of preventing ovulation and, consequently, pregnancy.

Regarding side effects, it is not uncommon to experience nausea, vomiting, fatigue, headache, dizziness, breast tenderness, and changes in your menstrual cycle after taking ECPs. The fever and vomiting you experienced the same evening could be attributed to the ECP, but it is also possible that you contracted a viral illness such as the flu. If vomiting occurs within two hours of taking the pill, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider, as you may need to take another dose.

As for the likelihood of pregnancy, since you took the ECP promptly, the chances are significantly reduced. However, no contraceptive method is 100% effective. If your next menstrual period is delayed by more than a week, it is recommended to take a pregnancy test to confirm whether or not you are pregnant.

In terms of whether you need to take another dose of the ECP, it depends on the timing of your vomiting. If you vomited within two hours of taking the pill, you should consult with a healthcare provider about taking another dose. If you did not vomit within that timeframe, you should not take an additional dose, as it may increase the risk of side effects without providing additional benefit.

It's also important to note that ECPs do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and are not intended for regular contraceptive use. If you find yourself needing emergency contraception frequently, it may be beneficial to discuss long-term contraceptive options with a healthcare provider.

In conclusion, while the side effects of ECPs can be uncomfortable, they are generally temporary and resolve on their own. The risk of pregnancy after taking the pill is significantly reduced, especially when taken promptly. If you have any further concerns or if your symptoms persist, it is advisable to seek medical advice for a thorough evaluation and guidance on your reproductive health.

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