Growths on the Tongue: Causes and Concerns - Otolaryngology

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Understanding growths on the tongue can be concerning, especially when they present as small bumps or nodules. Based on your description of having two or three small "balls" on the back left side of your tongue that do not cause pain but create a sensation of something being stuck while swallowing, there are several potential explanations for this condition.

One common cause of such growths could be lingual papillae hypertrophy. The tongue is covered with tiny bumps called papillae, which can sometimes become enlarged due to irritation, inflammation, or other factors. This can happen due to various reasons, including:
1. Irritation or Trauma: If you've accidentally bitten your tongue or if there's been some form of irritation from hot foods, spicy foods, or even dental appliances, the papillae can become enlarged and may feel like small balls.

2. Infections: Viral infections, such as herpes simplex virus, can lead to the formation of small blisters or bumps on the tongue. Additionally, fungal infections like oral thrush can also cause changes in the appearance of the tongue.

3. Allergic Reactions: Sometimes, an allergic reaction to certain foods or medications can cause localized swelling or bumps on the tongue.

4. Cysts or Mucocele: These are fluid-filled sacs that can develop in the mouth, including the tongue. They are usually harmless but can cause discomfort or a sensation of fullness.

5. Geographic Tongue: This benign condition causes patches on the tongue that can appear as raised areas. While it typically does not cause pain, it can lead to discomfort or sensitivity.

6. Oral Lichen Planus: This is an inflammatory condition that can affect the mucous membranes in the mouth, including the tongue. It may present as white patches or bumps and can sometimes cause discomfort.

Given that you mentioned the growths do not hurt, this is a positive sign, as painful lesions often indicate a more acute issue. However, the sensation of something being stuck while swallowing is worth noting. This could be due to the physical presence of the bumps or irritation in the throat area.


Recommendations:
1. Observation: If the bumps are not causing significant discomfort and are not changing in size or appearance, you may choose to monitor them for a short period. If they persist for more than a couple of weeks or worsen, it would be advisable to seek medical attention.

2. Consultation with a Healthcare Provider: If the sensation of something being stuck continues or if you notice any changes in the growths (such as increased size, pain, or bleeding), it would be prudent to consult a healthcare provider, preferably an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist or a dentist. They can perform a physical examination and may recommend further diagnostic tests if necessary.

3. Maintain Oral Hygiene: Ensure that you maintain good oral hygiene by brushing your teeth and tongue regularly and using an antibacterial mouthwash to reduce the risk of infections.

4. Avoid Irritants: If you suspect that certain foods or habits may be irritating your tongue, consider avoiding them to see if your symptoms improve.

In conclusion, while the presence of small growths on the tongue can be concerning, many causes are benign and easily managed. However, persistent symptoms warrant a professional evaluation to rule out any serious conditions and to provide appropriate treatment if necessary.