How to Treat an Ingrown Toenail: Symptoms and When to See a Doctor - Dermatology

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Ingrown toenails, medically known as onychocryptosis, occur when the edge of a toenail grows into the surrounding skin, leading to pain, swelling, and sometimes infection. This condition is particularly common in the big toe and can be caused by a variety of factors, including improper nail trimming, wearing tight shoes, or having naturally curved nails.

Symptoms of Ingrown Toenails
The symptoms of an ingrown toenail can vary but typically include:
- Pain and tenderness along the side of the toe.

- Swelling around the affected area.

- Redness and inflammation.

- Pus or blood drainage, indicating possible infection.

- Difficulty wearing shoes or walking due to discomfort.


When to See a Doctor
You should consider seeing a doctor if:
- The pain is severe and persistent.

- There is significant swelling or redness.

- You notice pus or blood drainage, which may indicate an infection.

- You have diabetes or a compromised immune system, as these conditions can complicate infections.

- Home treatments do not alleviate the symptoms after a few days.


Treatment Options
1. Home Care:
- Soak your foot in warm, soapy water for 15-20 minutes, 3-4 times a day. This can help reduce swelling and relieve pain.

- After soaking, gently lift the ingrown edge of the nail away from the skin using a clean piece of cotton or dental floss. This can help the nail grow above the skin.

- Apply an antibiotic ointment and cover the area with a bandage to prevent infection.

2. Over-the-Counter Pain Relief:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can help manage pain and reduce inflammation.

3. Medical Treatment:
- If the ingrown toenail is infected or does not improve with home care, a doctor may need to perform a minor surgical procedure. This could involve:
- Partial Nail Removal: The doctor may remove the portion of the nail that is ingrown.

- Nail Matrix Removal: In recurrent cases, the doctor may remove the nail matrix (the tissue under the nail) to prevent the nail from growing back.


Which Specialist to See
If you decide to seek medical attention, you should visit a podiatrist, a doctor specialized in foot and ankle conditions. They are well-equipped to handle ingrown toenails and can provide both conservative and surgical treatment options. Alternatively, you can also see a general practitioner who can assess your condition and refer you to a specialist if necessary.


Prevention Tips
To prevent ingrown toenails in the future, consider the following:
- Proper Nail Trimming: Cut your toenails straight across and avoid rounding the corners.

- Footwear: Wear shoes that fit well and provide enough room for your toes.

- Foot Hygiene: Keep your feet clean and dry, and regularly check for any signs of ingrown nails.

In summary, while ingrown toenails can be painful and troublesome, they are treatable. If you experience symptoms such as pain, swelling, or drainage, it is advisable to seek medical attention promptly to prevent complications.