Bumps Under the Tongue: Causes and Concerns - Otolaryngology

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Bumps under the tongue can be concerning, especially when they persist for an extended period, such as six months in your case. There are several potential causes for these bumps, and understanding them can help you determine the appropriate course of action.

1. Mucocele: One of the most common causes of bumps under the tongue is a mucocele, which is a fluid-filled cyst that occurs when a salivary gland is blocked or damaged. Mucoceles are typically painless and can vary in size. They often resolve on their own, but if they persist or cause discomfort, a healthcare provider may recommend removal.

2. Sublingual Papillae: The bumps you are feeling could also be normal anatomical structures known as sublingual papillae. These are small, normal bumps that can be found under the tongue and are not a cause for concern.

3. Lingual Varicosities: These are dilated veins that can appear as bumps under the tongue, especially in older adults. They are usually harmless and do not require treatment unless they cause discomfort.

4. Oral Candidiasis: A fungal infection, commonly known as thrush, can cause white patches or bumps in the mouth, including under the tongue. This condition is often associated with a weakened immune system or antibiotic use.

5. Oral Lichen Planus: This is a chronic inflammatory condition that can cause white patches or bumps in the mouth. It may be associated with discomfort and requires evaluation by a healthcare provider.

6. Infections or Lesions: Viral infections, such as herpes simplex, can cause painful sores or bumps in the mouth. Additionally, other lesions, including those caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), can appear under the tongue.

7. Cancer: While less common, persistent bumps or lesions in the mouth can be a sign of oral cancer. If the bumps are hard, fixed, or associated with other symptoms like pain, difficulty swallowing, or changes in taste, it is crucial to seek medical evaluation.

Regarding your question about the HPV vaccine (commonly referred to as the cervical cancer vaccine), it is designed to protect against certain strains of HPV that can lead to cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases, including genital warts (often referred to as "cauliflower" due to their appearance). While the vaccine is effective in preventing infections from the targeted HPV strains, it does not guarantee complete immunity against all types of HPV. Therefore, it is still possible to develop HPV-related conditions even after vaccination.

If you have had bumps under your tongue for six months, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional, such as a dentist or an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist. They can perform a thorough examination, possibly including imaging or a biopsy, to determine the exact nature of the bumps and recommend appropriate treatment if necessary. Early evaluation is essential, especially if there are any changes in size, color, or associated symptoms like pain or difficulty swallowing.