Rectal Bleeding: Causes, Symptoms, and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Rectal bleeding can be a concerning symptom, and it is essential to understand its potential causes, accompanying symptoms, and when to seek medical help. Based on your description, it appears that you are experiencing significant rectal bleeding, which is characterized by bright red blood in the toilet and on toilet paper, along with some pain and the presence of mucus-like material.

Causes of Rectal Bleeding
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of rectal bleeding, hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus. They can cause bright red blood during bowel movements, especially if there is straining involved. The presence of a small protrusion (as you described) could indicate an external hemorrhoid.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools. They can lead to sharp pain during bowel movements and may also result in bleeding.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis can lead to diverticulitis, which may cause bleeding. This condition involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall that can become inflamed or infected.

4. Colorectal Polyps or Cancer: While less common, polyps (growths on the colon lining) can bleed, and in some cases, they may be precursors to colorectal cancer.
5. Gastrointestinal Conditions: Conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, can also lead to rectal bleeding.


Symptoms to Watch For
In addition to the bleeding, you mentioned experiencing pain and irregular bowel habits. Other symptoms that may accompany rectal bleeding and warrant immediate medical attention include:
- Severe abdominal pain
- Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation)
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fever
- Dizziness or fainting (which could indicate significant blood loss)

When to Seek Help
Given the amount of blood you described and the presence of pain, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly. You should consider visiting a healthcare provider if:
- The bleeding is persistent or increases in volume.

- You experience severe pain or discomfort.

- You notice any other concerning symptoms, such as those mentioned above.


Diagnostic Evaluation
When you visit a healthcare provider, they may perform a physical examination, including a digital rectal exam, and may recommend further diagnostic tests such as:
- Colonoscopy: This procedure allows the doctor to visualize the inside of your colon and rectum and can help identify the source of bleeding.

- Blood tests: These can help assess for anemia or other underlying conditions.

- Imaging studies: In some cases, imaging may be necessary to evaluate the gastrointestinal tract.


Treatment Options
The treatment for rectal bleeding will depend on the underlying cause. For hemorrhoids, treatments may include lifestyle changes, topical treatments, or procedures to remove the hemorrhoids. Anal fissures may be treated with dietary changes to soften stools, topical medications, or in some cases, surgical intervention. If polyps or cancer are found, further treatment such as removal or chemotherapy may be necessary.


Conclusion
In summary, rectal bleeding can arise from various causes, some of which may require urgent medical intervention. Given your symptoms, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional as soon as possible to determine the cause and appropriate treatment. Early diagnosis and management are key to preventing complications and ensuring better health outcomes.