Is Syphilis More Likely to Increase HIV Infection Risk?

Is the risk of contracting HIV higher in individuals with syphilis?

I would like to inquire about a situation where I had unprotected sexual intercourse three months ago, but the partner I had unprotected sex with tested negative.
During these three months, I did not engage in any unprotected sexual activities (I received oral and anal sex, and I was the insertive partner).
Now, I have tested positive for syphilis but negative for HIV.
Does this mean I can temporarily not worry about being infected with HIV? Is syphilis more easily transmitted than HIV during this three-month period? I have noticed that my glans is prone to inflammation; could this be caused by syphilis? While treating syphilis, I took tetracycline for a week, and my glans improved significantly.
Afterward, I went to a large hospital where the doctor administered a penicillin injection, and I have already been treated.
Thank you, doctor.

D, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2016/07/14

Dr. Xu Wencang reply Urology

Continuous monitoring is necessary; first, treat syphilis.

Reply Date: 2016/07/14

More Info

The relationship between syphilis and HIV infection risk is a significant concern in the field of sexual health. Syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, can indeed increase the risk of acquiring HIV. This is primarily due to the fact that syphilis can cause sores and lesions, which provide an entry point for the HIV virus during sexual contact. Additionally, individuals with syphilis may have a higher viral load of HIV if they are co-infected, further increasing the risk of transmission.

In your case, you mentioned that you had unprotected sexual encounters three months ago, but your partner tested negative for HIV. Since then, you have not engaged in any further unprotected sexual activities. You have now tested positive for syphilis but negative for HIV. While it is reassuring that you do not have HIV at this time, it is essential to understand that the presence of syphilis can still pose a risk for future HIV infection.

The risk of HIV transmission is generally higher in individuals with untreated STIs, including syphilis. This is because STIs can compromise the integrity of mucosal barriers, making it easier for HIV to enter the bloodstream. Therefore, while you may not currently be at risk for HIV due to your recent negative test, it is crucial to maintain safe sexual practices moving forward, especially considering your syphilis diagnosis.

Regarding your question about whether syphilis is more easily transmitted than HIV, it is important to note that syphilis is generally considered to be more easily transmitted than HIV. The infectious dose of syphilis is lower, meaning that it can be transmitted through less exposure to infected bodily fluids. However, the overall transmission dynamics depend on various factors, including the presence of sores, the type of sexual activity, and the viral load of the HIV-positive partner.

You also mentioned experiencing inflammation of the glans (the head of the penis). This could be related to your syphilis infection, as STIs can cause various symptoms, including inflammation and irritation. It is good to hear that you received treatment with tetracycline and benzathine penicillin, which are effective for treating syphilis. If your symptoms have improved significantly, it suggests that the treatment was successful.

In conclusion, while your current negative HIV status is reassuring, it is essential to remain vigilant about your sexual health. Regular STI screenings, practicing safe sex, and maintaining open communication with sexual partners are crucial steps in reducing the risk of HIV and other STIs. If you have any further concerns or symptoms, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and follow-up care.

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