Adult Acne: Causes and Effective Treatments at 21

Acne

I am 21 years old this year, but I still frequently get acne.
Some areas tend to break out repeatedly, and each time the pimples are large and always develop pus.
What could be the reason for this, and what should I do? Thank you!

popo, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2000/11/18

Dr. Zheng Lizhen reply Dermatology

Acne is called "teenage acne" because it commonly occurs in adolescents, but that doesn't mean it won't appear after puberty! Many people still experience breakouts at the age of 21.
It's important to maintain good hygiene and ensure adequate sleep.
Unless you notice that certain foods specifically trigger your acne, there is no need for strict dietary restrictions.
If you have taken all preventive measures and still experience breakouts, it may indicate that you need medical assistance, especially for inflammatory acne.
Even if you haven't picked at the acne, severe inflammation can damage surrounding tissue and lead to scarring.
In such cases, it's advisable to seek help from a dermatologist.

Reply Date: 2000/11/18

More Info

Adult acne can be a frustrating and persistent issue, especially when it continues into your twenties. At 21 years old, experiencing frequent breakouts, particularly large, pus-filled pimples, can be attributed to several factors. Understanding the underlying causes and exploring effective treatments can help you manage and reduce your acne.

Causes of Adult Acne
1. Hormonal Fluctuations: Hormones play a significant role in acne development. For many adults, hormonal changes related to menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can lead to increased oil production in the skin, resulting in clogged pores and breakouts.

2. Stress: High-stress levels can trigger the release of hormones like cortisol, which can increase oil production and lead to acne flare-ups. Managing stress through relaxation techniques, exercise, or therapy can be beneficial.

3. Diet: Certain dietary choices may contribute to acne. Diets high in refined sugars, dairy products, and unhealthy fats can exacerbate acne. Consider a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, which can promote healthier skin.

4. Skin Care Products: The products you use on your skin can also impact acne. Comedogenic (pore-clogging) ingredients in makeup, moisturizers, or sunscreens can lead to breakouts. Look for non-comedogenic products that are less likely to cause acne.

5. Genetics: A family history of acne can increase your likelihood of experiencing it as well. If your parents had acne, you might be more prone to it.

6. Environmental Factors: Pollution, humidity, and exposure to certain chemicals can irritate the skin and contribute to acne. Regular cleansing and using protective skincare can help mitigate these effects.

Effective Treatments
1. Topical Treatments: Over-the-counter products containing benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or alpha hydroxy acids can help reduce acne. These ingredients work by unclogging pores, reducing inflammation, and promoting skin cell turnover.

2. Prescription Medications: If over-the-counter treatments are ineffective, a dermatologist may prescribe topical retinoids or antibiotics. Retinoids help prevent clogged pores, while antibiotics can reduce bacteria and inflammation.

3. Oral Medications: For more severe cases, oral medications such as hormonal treatments (like birth control pills for women) or isotretinoin may be considered. These treatments can significantly reduce oil production and prevent future breakouts.

4. Professional Treatments: Procedures like chemical peels, laser therapy, or light therapy can be effective for treating acne. These treatments can help reduce inflammation, kill bacteria, and improve skin texture.

5. Skincare Routine: Establishing a consistent skincare routine is crucial. Cleanse your face twice daily with a gentle cleanser, use non-comedogenic moisturizers, and apply sunscreen daily to protect your skin.

6. Lifestyle Changes: Incorporating a balanced diet, staying hydrated, managing stress, and getting adequate sleep can improve your overall skin health.

When to See a Dermatologist
If your acne persists despite over-the-counter treatments or if it is causing significant distress, it is advisable to consult a dermatologist. They can provide a tailored treatment plan based on your specific skin type and acne severity.

In conclusion, adult acne can be caused by various factors, including hormonal changes, diet, stress, and skincare products. By understanding these causes and implementing effective treatments, you can manage your acne and improve your skin's appearance. Remember, patience is key, as it may take time to see significant improvements.

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