Testicular Pain: Causes and Symptoms Explained - Urology

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Testicular pain can be a concerning symptom, especially when accompanied by other signs such as a hard lump, lower abdominal pain, and blood in the semen (hematospermia). Given your symptoms, it’s essential to consider several potential causes, some of which may require immediate medical attention.


Possible Causes of Testicular Pain
1. Epididymitis: This is an inflammation of the epididymis, the tube that carries sperm from the testicle. It can be caused by infections, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia or gonorrhea. Symptoms often include swelling, redness, and pain in the testicle, as well as possible fever.

2. Orchitis: This is inflammation of one or both testicles, which can occur due to viral infections (like mumps) or bacterial infections. Symptoms may include swelling, pain, and sometimes fever.

3. Testicular Torsion: This is a medical emergency where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off blood supply to the testicle. Symptoms include sudden, severe pain, swelling, and sometimes nausea. This condition requires immediate surgical intervention to save the testicle.

4. Hernia: An inguinal hernia occurs when tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles. This can cause discomfort in the groin or lower abdomen, especially when lifting or straining.

5. Varicocele: This is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, which can cause a dull ache or discomfort, particularly after physical activity.

6. Testicular Tumors: While less common, tumors can present as a hard lump in the testicle and may be associated with pain or discomfort. Blood in the semen can also be a concerning sign.

7. Trauma: Any recent injury to the groin area can lead to pain and swelling in the testicles.


Symptoms to Monitor
Given your symptoms of a hard lump, lower abdominal pain, and blood in the semen, it is crucial to monitor for additional symptoms such as:
- Swelling or redness in the scrotum
- Fever or chills
- Nausea or vomiting
- Changes in urination (pain, frequency, urgency)

Recommended Actions
1. Seek Medical Attention: Given the combination of symptoms you are experiencing, especially the presence of blood in the semen and a hard lump, it is vital to see a healthcare provider as soon as possible. They may perform a physical examination, ultrasound, and possibly other tests to determine the underlying cause.

2. Avoid Strenuous Activity: Until you receive a diagnosis, it may be wise to avoid activities that could exacerbate the pain, such as heavy lifting or vigorous sexual activity.

3. Document Symptoms: Keep a record of your symptoms, including when they occur, their severity, and any other associated symptoms. This information can be helpful for your healthcare provider.


Conclusion
Testicular pain can arise from various conditions, some of which may require urgent care. Your symptoms warrant a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional to rule out serious conditions such as testicular torsion or infections that could lead to complications. Do not hesitate to seek immediate medical attention to ensure your health and well-being.