Testicular Pain: Symptoms and Causes Explained - Urology

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Testicular pain can be a concerning symptom, and it's important to understand the potential causes and when to seek medical attention. The symptoms you describe—pain in the testicles that alternates between the left and right side, along with itching of the scrotal skin—could be indicative of several conditions.

One common cause of testicular pain is epididymitis, which is the inflammation of the epididymis, a tube located at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm. This condition can be caused by infections, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia or gonorrhea, or by urinary tract infections. Symptoms of epididymitis often include swelling, redness, and tenderness in the affected testicle, as well as pain that may radiate to the groin.

Another possible cause is orchitis, which is inflammation of the testicle itself. This can occur due to viral infections, such as mumps, or bacterial infections. Orchitis may present with similar symptoms to epididymitis, including swelling and pain in the testicle.

Testicular torsion is a more serious condition that occurs when the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off the blood supply to the testicle. This condition typically presents with sudden, severe pain in one testicle, swelling, and sometimes nausea and vomiting. Testicular torsion is a medical emergency and requires immediate attention to prevent permanent damage to the testicle.

Hernias, varicoceles (enlarged veins in the scrotum), and trauma to the testicles can also cause pain. In some cases, referred pain from other areas, such as the kidneys or lower abdomen, may manifest as testicular pain.

To determine whether there is swelling or a mass in the testicle, a self-examination can be performed. This involves gently rolling each testicle between the thumb and fingers to feel for any lumps, swelling, or changes in size. The testicles should feel smooth and firm, and any irregularities should be noted. If you notice any lumps, significant swelling, or if the pain persists, it is crucial to seek medical evaluation.

Given your symptoms of itching and pain, it may also be worthwhile to consider whether there is a dermatological issue, such as a fungal infection or dermatitis, affecting the skin of the scrotum. This could explain the itching and may contribute to discomfort.

In summary, while your symptoms could be related to conditions like epididymitis or orchitis, they could also indicate other issues that require further investigation. It is advisable to consult a healthcare provider for a thorough examination, which may include a physical exam, ultrasound of the testicles, and possibly laboratory tests to identify any underlying infections. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications and ensure optimal health.