Oral White Spots: Causes and When to See an ENT - Otolaryngology

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The presence of white spots in the oral cavity, especially when accompanied by pain and swelling, can be indicative of several underlying conditions. Given your sister's symptoms of white spots near her molars and gums, along with pain during eating and speaking, and the recent swelling on the left side of her face, it is essential to consider a few potential causes.

One common cause of white spots in the mouth is oral thrush, a fungal infection caused by Candida species. This condition often presents as creamy white lesions on the tongue, inner cheeks, and sometimes on the gums or tonsils. It can be painful and may lead to difficulty in swallowing or eating. Oral thrush is more likely to occur in individuals with weakened immune systems, those taking antibiotics, or those with poor oral hygiene.

Another possibility is leukoplakia, which manifests as white patches on the mucous membranes of the mouth. This condition can be benign but is sometimes associated with irritation from tobacco use, alcohol, or chronic trauma from dental appliances or sharp teeth. Importantly, leukoplakia can also be a precursor to oral cancer, so any persistent white patches should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Additionally, the symptoms of pain and swelling could suggest an oral ulcer or a more severe condition such as a dental abscess. A dental abscess occurs when there is an infection at the root of a tooth or in the surrounding gums, leading to pus formation, swelling, and significant pain. This condition requires prompt dental intervention to prevent the spread of infection.

Given the swelling on your sister's face, it is crucial to seek medical attention. An Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist can evaluate her symptoms and determine the appropriate course of action. They may perform a thorough examination, including visual inspection and possibly imaging studies, to assess the extent of the issue. If necessary, they might refer her to a dentist for further evaluation, especially if dental issues are suspected.

In summary, your sister's symptoms warrant a visit to a healthcare provider. The presence of white spots, pain, and facial swelling could indicate various conditions, including oral thrush, leukoplakia, or a dental abscess. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to address the underlying cause and prevent complications. Encourage her to seek medical attention promptly for a thorough evaluation and appropriate management.