Gonorrhea: Symptoms, Testing, and Complications - Urology

More Info

---

Gonorrhea, caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can affect both men and women. Understanding its symptoms, testing methods, and potential complications is crucial for anyone who may have been exposed, especially in situations like yours.


Symptoms of Gonorrhea
Many individuals infected with gonorrhea may not exhibit any symptoms, which is why it is often referred to as a "silent" infection. However, when symptoms do occur, they can vary between men and women:
- Men: Common symptoms include a burning sensation during urination, a white, yellow, or green discharge from the penis, and swollen or painful testicles. Some men may also experience a sore throat if they have had oral sex with an infected partner.


- Women: Symptoms in women can be more subtle and may include increased vaginal discharge, painful urination, abdominal or pelvic pain, and bleeding between periods. Like men, women can also develop a sore throat if they engage in oral sex with an infected partner.


Testing for Gonorrhea
If you are concerned about potential exposure to gonorrhea, it is essential to seek medical attention. A healthcare provider will typically conduct a thorough assessment, which may include:
1. Urine Test: A urine sample can be tested for the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This is a common method for men and women.


2. Swab Test: In some cases, especially if symptoms are present, a healthcare provider may take a swab from the urethra in men or the cervix in women to test for the infection.

3. Throat Swab: If oral sex was involved, a throat swab may be taken to check for gonorrhea in the throat.

It is important to note that a standard urine test may not specifically check for gonorrhea unless it is indicated. Therefore, when visiting a healthcare provider, it is crucial to communicate your concerns and the specific sexual practices involved, so they can perform the appropriate tests.


Complications of Untreated Gonorrhea
If left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to serious health complications:
- In Men: Untreated gonorrhea can cause epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis), which can lead to infertility. It can also spread to the bloodstream, causing disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI), which can result in joint pain and skin lesions.

- In Women: Gonorrhea can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can cause chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. Like in men, the infection can also enter the bloodstream, leading to DGI.


Self-Healing and Seeking Treatment
Gonorrhea does not typically resolve on its own, and the risk of complications increases the longer the infection remains untreated. Therefore, it is not advisable to wait and see if symptoms develop. If you suspect exposure, it is best to get tested as soon as possible.


Conclusion
In summary, if you have had potential exposure to gonorrhea, it is essential to seek medical evaluation and testing. Be open with your healthcare provider about your sexual history and concerns. Early detection and treatment are key to preventing complications associated with gonorrhea. If your healthcare provider does not offer testing, you may consider visiting a sexual health clinic or an STI testing center for further evaluation. Remember, practicing safe sex and regular STI screenings are vital for maintaining sexual health.