Urine Blood Test Results: What Does +/- Mean?

Q: Urine Blood Test Results: What Does +/- Mean?

Hello： You should see a nephrologist for an examination, as the presence of occult blood +/- may be a sign of potential issues. <br>Additionally, make sure to drink plenty of water. <br>Wishing you good health.

Urinary occult blood +/-

Since I was young, I haven't been drinking much water (because drinking too much makes me feel nauseous).
In high school, I drank about 500 to 1000 ml a day, and it was even less before that.
Therefore, my urine output is also low, and I often go the whole day at school without urinating.
This has been the case from elementary school through high school, and I hope to change this bad habit in college.
Recently, I underwent a health check as a freshman, and the results showed trace blood in my urine (+/-), while other kidney function tests were normal, although several items seemed to be on the borderline of passing.
In fact, I had similar results during my health check in the first year of high school, but at that time, I didn't know what +/- meant and thought it was a data error, so I ignored it.
I am certain that during both health checks, I was not on my menstrual period, nor did I consume large amounts of vitamin C or engage in vigorous exercise, and I don't believe there is a family history of kidney disease.
However, I am quite thin; could this be a reason? Should I undergo more detailed examinations? My urine often has bubbles (but tests show no protein in the urine), and sometimes it has the smell of food I previously ate.
In middle school, there were a few instances where I felt a cool sensation in my lower back after urinating; could this indicate that my kidneys are failing? I am very scared that I might develop kidney failure or cancer in the future...

Niming, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2017/08/11

Dr. Du Shixi reply Urology

Hello: You should see a nephrologist for an examination, as the presence of occult blood +/- may be a sign of potential issues.
Additionally, make sure to drink plenty of water.
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2017/08/11

More Info

Understanding urine test results, particularly regarding the presence of blood (hematuria), can be quite concerning, especially for someone who has had a history of low fluid intake and other urinary symptoms. The notation of "+/-" in urine tests typically indicates a trace amount of blood detected in the urine. This can be due to various benign reasons, but it can also warrant further investigation depending on the context.

First, let’s clarify what the presence of blood in urine could mean. Hematuria can be categorized into two types: gross hematuria, where blood is visible to the naked eye, and microscopic hematuria, where blood is only detectable under a microscope. The "+/-" result suggests that there may be a very small amount of blood present, which could be a transient finding.

Several factors can contribute to hematuria, including:
1. Infection: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can cause irritation and bleeding in the urinary tract.

2. Kidney Stones: These can cause bleeding as they pass through the urinary tract.

3. Exercise-Induced Hematuria: Intense physical activity can sometimes lead to temporary hematuria.

4. Dietary Factors: Certain foods and medications can affect urine color and composition.

5. Medical Conditions: Conditions such as glomerulonephritis, kidney disease, or tumors can also lead to blood in the urine.

Given your history of low fluid intake, it is essential to consider that dehydration can concentrate urine and potentially irritate the urinary tract, leading to hematuria. Additionally, the presence of bubbles in your urine could indicate proteinuria, which is the presence of excess protein in the urine. While you mentioned that protein was not detected in your tests, persistent bubbles can sometimes be a sign of protein in the urine, warranting further investigation.

Your concerns about kidney health are valid, especially with symptoms like feeling "cool" in the lower back after urination. While this could be benign, it is essential to monitor these symptoms closely. Chronic dehydration can lead to kidney damage over time, so it is crucial to improve your hydration habits. Aim to gradually increase your fluid intake, as adequate hydration is vital for kidney function and overall health.

Regarding your fears about kidney failure or cancer, it is important to remember that while these conditions can present with hematuria, they are not the most common causes, especially in young individuals without a significant family history of kidney disease or cancer. However, given your symptoms and the recurring nature of the hematuria, it would be prudent to consult a healthcare provider for a more thorough evaluation. This may include:
- Urinalysis: A repeat test to confirm the presence of blood and check for other abnormalities.

- Imaging Studies: Such as an ultrasound or CT scan to visualize the kidneys and urinary tract.

- Referral to a Specialist: A urologist or nephrologist can provide specialized care and further testing if necessary.

In summary, while the presence of blood in your urine can be concerning, it is essential to approach this with a balanced perspective. Improving your hydration, monitoring your symptoms, and seeking further evaluation from a healthcare professional will help address your concerns and ensure your kidney health is maintained. Remember, early intervention is key to managing any potential issues effectively.

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