Urine Hematuria Results: What Does (+/-) Mean?

Urinary occult blood (+/-)

The health check conducted by the company showed a result of (±) for urine occult blood.
I am 23 years old and have no discomfort; my urine is normal, and I do not experience frequent urination.
I usually drink less water and often stay up late.
Could you please explain what (±) means? Thank you.

Mr. Zhan, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2020/04/02

Dr. Cai Zhuorong reply Urology

The presence of urinary occult blood is noted (+/-), and it is recommended that you undergo a repeat examination.

Reply Date: 2020/04/02

More Info

When you see a result of (+/-) in a urine test for hematuria, it indicates that there is a trace amount of blood present in your urine, but it is not definitively positive. This means that while there may be some blood detected, it is not at a level that is considered clinically significant. The presence of blood in urine, known as hematuria, can be caused by a variety of factors ranging from benign to serious conditions.

In your case, being 23 years old and feeling generally healthy with no urinary symptoms such as frequency or pain is a positive sign. However, the fact that you mentioned you drink less water and often stay up late could contribute to dehydration, which can sometimes lead to concentrated urine and potentially irritate the urinary tract. This irritation can sometimes cause a small amount of blood to appear in the urine.

It's important to understand that hematuria can arise from various causes, including:
1. Infections: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can cause inflammation and bleeding in the urinary tract.

2. Kidney Stones: These can cause irritation and bleeding as they pass through the urinary tract.

3. Trauma: Any injury to the kidneys or urinary tract can lead to blood in the urine.

4. Glomerular Disease: Conditions affecting the kidney's filtering units can result in hematuria.

5. Tumors: While less common, tumors in the urinary tract can also cause bleeding.

Given that your result is (+/-), it is advisable to follow up with your healthcare provider, especially if you notice any changes in your urinary habits or if you develop any symptoms such as pain, increased frequency, or changes in urine color. Your doctor may recommend further testing, such as a repeat urinalysis, urine culture, or imaging studies, to rule out any underlying conditions.

In summary, a (+/-) result for urine hematuria suggests a minimal presence of blood that may not be clinically significant, especially in the absence of symptoms. However, maintaining good hydration and monitoring your health is essential. If you have any concerns or if symptoms develop, don't hesitate to seek medical advice for a thorough evaluation.

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