Urine Test Results: What Does Blood +/− Mean?

Urinalysis report: Hematuria +/-

Schools typically require a physical health examination for enrollment.
The examination report indicated the presence of hematuria (urine blood) with a +/- sign, which I am not quite sure what it means.
Although the school health center recommends that I go to the hospital for further testing, I do not have any discomfort, and my urine color is normal and clear.
I would like the doctor to evaluate whether I need to undergo more detailed examinations at the hospital.

LE, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2016/09/23

Dr. Li Xinyi reply Urology

Based on your description, the likelihood of a problem is low.
However, if you are still concerned, it is advisable to drink plenty of water and then return for a follow-up urine test with a urologist.

Reply Date: 2016/09/23

More Info

Understanding urine test results can be quite confusing, especially when you encounter terms like "blood +/−." In your case, the "+/−" notation indicates a borderline or uncertain result for the presence of blood in your urine (hematuria). This means that the test detected some level of blood, but it is not definitive. The presence of blood in urine can be caused by various factors, including infections, kidney stones, or even benign conditions.
When urine is tested for blood, it is typically done using a dipstick test, which can sometimes yield false positives or negatives due to various reasons, such as dietary factors (like consuming beets or certain vitamins), strenuous exercise, or even menstrual contamination. Therefore, a "+/−" result suggests that while there may be some blood present, it is not enough to confirm a significant issue without further investigation.

Given that your overall health seems stable and you do not experience any discomfort or abnormal symptoms, it is understandable to feel uncertain about whether further testing is necessary. However, it is crucial to take any indication of blood in urine seriously, as it can sometimes point to underlying health issues that require attention.
The recommendation from your school's health center to follow up with a more comprehensive examination is prudent. A healthcare provider may suggest a repeat urinalysis, which could include microscopic examination to check for red blood cells, white blood cells, and other abnormalities. This can help clarify whether the initial finding was a transient issue or if it indicates a more serious condition.

In addition to urinalysis, other diagnostic tests may be warranted depending on your medical history and any additional symptoms you may have. These could include imaging studies, such as an ultrasound or CT scan, to visualize the kidneys and urinary tract, or a cystoscopy, which allows direct visualization of the bladder and urethra.

In summary, while the "+/−" result for blood in your urine may not immediately indicate a serious problem, it is essential to follow up with your healthcare provider for further evaluation. They can help determine the appropriate next steps based on a comprehensive assessment of your health. Ignoring this finding could lead to missing a potentially treatable condition, so it’s best to err on the side of caution. Regular monitoring and open communication with your healthcare provider will ensure that any issues are addressed promptly and effectively.

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