Clitoral Subcutaneous Cysts: Symptoms and Concerns - Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Clitoral subcutaneous cysts, also known as epidermoid cysts or sebaceous cysts, are benign growths that can occur in the genital area, including around the clitoris. These cysts are typically filled with keratin, a protein found in skin cells, and they can develop when hair follicles become clogged or when skin cells multiply abnormally.

Symptoms of Clitoral Subcutaneous Cysts
1. Palpable Lump: As you mentioned, the most common symptom is the presence of a hard lump that can be felt but may not be visible on the surface. This lump is usually firm and may feel like a small ball under the skin.

2. Swelling: You noted that the area experiences swelling during your menstrual cycle. This can occur due to hormonal changes that affect the surrounding tissues, leading to increased blood flow and fluid retention.

3. Discomfort or Pain: While many cysts are asymptomatic, some individuals may experience discomfort, especially if the cyst becomes inflamed or infected. Pain can also occur if the cyst presses on surrounding structures.

4. Changes in Size: Cysts can fluctuate in size, often becoming larger during hormonal changes, such as menstruation.


Are They Tumors?
It is important to clarify that clitoral subcutaneous cysts are not tumors in the malignant sense. They are benign growths and do not typically pose a serious health risk. However, if you notice any changes in the cyst, such as rapid growth, changes in color, or if it becomes painful, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation.


When to Seek Medical Attention
1. Persistent Symptoms: If the lump persists, grows, or becomes painful, it is advisable to seek medical advice.
2. Signs of Infection: If you notice redness, warmth, or pus drainage from the cyst, these could be signs of infection, which may require treatment.

3. Uncertainty: If you are unsure whether the lump is a cyst or something else, such as a lipoma (a benign fatty tumor) or a more serious condition, a healthcare professional can provide a proper diagnosis.


Diagnosis and Treatment
A healthcare provider may perform a physical examination and, if necessary, imaging studies like an ultrasound to assess the cyst. In most cases, if the cyst is asymptomatic and not causing any issues, no treatment is required. However, if it becomes bothersome or infected, treatment options may include:
- Warm Compresses: Applying a warm compress can help reduce inflammation and discomfort.

- Incision and Drainage: If the cyst is infected or painful, a doctor may perform a minor surgical procedure to drain it.

- Excision: For recurrent cysts, surgical removal may be recommended to prevent future occurrences.


Conclusion
In summary, while clitoral subcutaneous cysts can be concerning, they are usually benign and manageable. It is essential to monitor the cyst and consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns or if symptoms change. Regular gynecological check-ups can also help in early detection and management of any abnormalities in the genital area.