Subcutaneous Cysts: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Subcutaneous cyst

Hello doctor, recently I developed a lump about one centimeter in size behind my left ear.
It feels like it moves when I press on it, and there are no obvious external injuries.
When I compare both ears, the left ear feels more swollen.
I consulted a general practitioner, who told me that this is a normal part of my development.
However, the lump still moves when I touch it.
Doctor, what could be wrong with me?

Mr. Lin, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2017/11/21

Dr. Hu Ziren reply Oncology

It is likely a benign condition or, as general practitioners often say, related to growth and development.
It is recommended to simply observe it.

Reply Date: 2017/11/21

More Info

Subcutaneous cysts, commonly known as epidermoid cysts or sebaceous cysts, are benign lumps that can develop under the skin. They are typically filled with keratin, a protein found in skin cells, and can occur anywhere on the body, including areas like the scalp, face, neck, and behind the ears. The cyst you described, located behind your left ear and measuring about one centimeter, is likely a benign cyst, especially since it is movable and not associated with any significant pain or trauma.

Causes of Subcutaneous Cysts
The exact cause of subcutaneous cysts is not always clear, but several factors can contribute to their formation:
1. Blocked Sebaceous Glands: These glands produce oil that helps keep the skin moisturized. When the duct of the gland becomes blocked, it can lead to the accumulation of oil and keratin, forming a cyst.

2. Skin Trauma: Even minor injuries or skin conditions can lead to the development of cysts. However, in your case, you mentioned no significant trauma, which makes this less likely.

3. Genetic Factors: Some individuals may be more prone to developing cysts due to genetic predisposition.

4. Developmental Factors: Cysts can also form during the development of the skin and may be present from birth.

Symptoms of Subcutaneous Cysts
Subcutaneous cysts are usually painless and may not cause any symptoms unless they become infected or inflamed. Common characteristics include:
- A small, round lump under the skin that feels movable.

- The skin over the cyst may appear normal or slightly discolored.

- If the cyst becomes infected, it may become red, swollen, and painful, and there may be drainage of pus.

Treatment Options
In most cases, subcutaneous cysts do not require treatment unless they become bothersome or infected. Here are some common treatment options:
1. Observation: If the cyst is not causing any discomfort or cosmetic concerns, your doctor may recommend simply monitoring it over time.

2. Drainage: If the cyst becomes inflamed or infected, your doctor may perform a procedure to drain the cyst. This involves making a small incision and allowing the contents to escape.

3. Surgical Removal: For cysts that are recurrent, painful, or cosmetically undesirable, surgical removal may be recommended. This procedure is typically done under local anesthesia and involves excising the entire cyst to prevent recurrence.

4. Injection: In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be used to reduce inflammation if the cyst is causing discomfort.

When to Seek Medical Attention
While most subcutaneous cysts are benign, you should consult a healthcare provider if you notice any of the following:
- Rapid growth of the cyst.

- Changes in color or appearance of the skin over the cyst.

- Pain, redness, or warmth around the cyst, which may indicate infection.

- Any drainage of pus or fluid from the cyst.

Conclusion
Based on your description, it seems that the lump behind your left ear is likely a benign subcutaneous cyst. The fact that it is movable and not associated with significant pain is reassuring. However, if you continue to have concerns or if the cyst changes in any way, it would be prudent to follow up with a healthcare provider for further evaluation. They can provide a more definitive diagnosis and discuss potential treatment options tailored to your specific situation.

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