Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Risks and Effectiveness

Emergency contraceptive pill

I am taking the birth control pill for the first time, and I am currently on the ninth day of the regimen.
On the ninth day, I had unprotected intercourse with my boyfriend.
Am I at risk of becoming pregnant?

Jenny, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2017/12/07

Dr. Huang Jianzhong reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

This is my first time taking the oral contraceptive pill, and I have been on it for nine days.
On the ninth day, I had unprotected sexual intercourse with my boyfriend.
Is there a possibility of getting pregnant? Answer: Yes, there is a possibility.

Reply Date: 2017/12/07

More Info

Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) are designed to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. They are most effective when taken as soon as possible after the incident, ideally within 72 hours, although some types can be effective up to 5 days after unprotected sex. The effectiveness of ECPs decreases the longer you wait to take them after the unprotected intercourse.

In your case, since you mentioned that you are on your ninth day of taking the contraceptive pill, it is important to clarify whether you are referring to a regular birth control pill or an emergency contraceptive pill. If you are taking a regular birth control pill consistently and correctly, the risk of pregnancy is significantly reduced. However, if you are referring to an emergency contraceptive pill and you had unprotected sex on the ninth day after taking it, the effectiveness may not be as high as if you had taken it immediately after the unprotected intercourse.

The primary mechanism of action for ECPs is to delay or inhibit ovulation. If ovulation has already occurred, the effectiveness of ECPs is reduced. Additionally, ECPs do not terminate an existing pregnancy; they work to prevent one from occurring.

Regarding the risks associated with ECPs, they are generally considered safe for most women. Common side effects may include nausea, fatigue, headache, dizziness, breast tenderness, and changes in your menstrual cycle. Some women may experience a delay in their next period or heavier or lighter bleeding than usual. It is important to note that while ECPs are effective, they are not intended for regular use as a primary contraceptive method.

If you are concerned about the possibility of pregnancy after having unprotected sex while on ECPs, it is advisable to take a pregnancy test if your next period is late or if you experience any unusual symptoms. Additionally, if you find yourself needing emergency contraception frequently, it may be beneficial to discuss with your healthcare provider about a more reliable and consistent method of contraception.

In summary, if you have been taking your regular contraceptive pills correctly, the risk of pregnancy is low. However, if you are unsure or if you had unprotected sex after taking an emergency contraceptive pill, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and to discuss your contraceptive options moving forward.

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