Unexpected Reactions After Second Glycolic Acid Treatment: What to Know - Dermatology

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After undergoing a glycolic acid treatment, particularly at a high concentration like 70%, it is not uncommon to experience unexpected reactions, especially if the treatment duration was longer than recommended. Glycolic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is widely used for chemical peels and skin exfoliation. While it can effectively improve skin texture, reduce hyperpigmentation, and treat acne, it can also lead to adverse reactions, particularly in individuals with sensitive skin or those who may have overexposed their skin to the acid.

The symptoms you are describing—red, swollen bumps on the cheeks, white discharge resembling pus, and itchiness—could indicate a few potential issues. Firstly, the prolonged exposure to glycolic acid may have caused irritation or a chemical burn, leading to inflammation and the formation of pustules. This is particularly likely if the skin barrier was compromised during the treatment. The white discharge you mentioned could be a sign of inflammation or infection, which may require medical attention.

In addition to irritation, it is also possible that you are experiencing a post-inflammatory response, which can occur after aggressive exfoliation treatments. This can manifest as redness, swelling, and sometimes even the formation of acne-like lesions. The white patches on your nose could be a result of excessive peeling or a reaction to the acid, leading to a temporary loss of pigmentation or even a condition known as post-inflammatory hypopigmentation.

To manage these reactions, it is crucial to take the following steps:
1. Consult Your Dermatologist: The most important step is to reach out to your dermatologist or the professional who performed the treatment. They can assess your skin condition and determine the best course of action. They may recommend topical treatments to reduce inflammation and promote healing.

2. Avoid Further Irritation: In the meantime, avoid using any harsh skincare products, including exfoliants, retinoids, or other acids. Stick to gentle, hydrating products that can help soothe the skin.

3. Moisturize: Use a gentle, fragrance-free moisturizer to help restore the skin barrier. Look for ingredients like ceramides, hyaluronic acid, or aloe vera, which can provide hydration and support healing.

4. Sun Protection: Protect your skin from sun exposure, as it can exacerbate irritation and increase the risk of pigmentation changes. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30, and reapply it regularly.

5. Monitor for Infection: Keep an eye on the affected areas for any signs of infection, such as increased redness, warmth, or pus. If you notice these signs, seek medical attention promptly.

6. Avoid Picking: It can be tempting to pick at the bumps or scabs, but doing so can lead to scarring or further irritation. Allow your skin to heal naturally.

7. Follow-Up Treatments: Depending on the severity of your reaction, your dermatologist may suggest a follow-up treatment plan, which could include topical steroids to reduce inflammation or other medications to address any secondary infections.

In conclusion, while glycolic acid treatments can be beneficial for many skin concerns, they also carry the risk of adverse reactions, especially at higher concentrations. It is essential to approach such treatments with caution and to seek professional guidance when unexpected reactions occur. Your dermatologist will be the best resource for managing your symptoms and ensuring your skin heals properly without long-term consequences.