Oral Leukoplakia: Causes and Symptoms Explained

Oral leukoplakia

I recently noticed that I have many white patches on my tongue, and there are a few white protrusions on the inside of my tongue.
Can you tell me what this is, doctor?

Xiao Zhi, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2018/04/13

Dr. Ji Zhaoyun reply Otolaryngology

Hello, based on your description, a personal examination is necessary to diagnose the white protrusions in your oral cavity, which could be numerous conditions such as precancerous lesions, ulcers, or papillomas.
Most ulcers heal within two weeks of treatment; however, if the ulcer persists beyond two weeks, further examination is required.
It is recommended to consult an otolaryngologist for evaluation.
Wishing you peace and good health.

Sincerely,
Dr.
Chi Chao-Yun,
Director of Otolaryngology, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare.

Reply Date: 2018/04/13

More Info

Oral leukoplakia is a condition characterized by the presence of white patches or plaques on the mucous membranes of the mouth, including the tongue. These patches cannot be easily wiped away and can vary in size and shape. The exact cause of leukoplakia is not always clear, but it is often associated with chronic irritation or trauma to the oral mucosa. Common risk factors include tobacco use (both smoking and chewing), alcohol consumption, and irritation from rough dental appliances or sharp teeth.

In your case, the appearance of white spots on your tongue and the presence of white protrusions could be indicative of leukoplakia or other oral conditions. It is essential to differentiate leukoplakia from other potential causes of white lesions in the mouth, such as oral thrush (a fungal infection), lichen planus, or even oral cancer. The presence of white patches, especially if they are persistent and associated with discomfort or changes in sensation, warrants further evaluation by a healthcare professional.

Symptoms of oral leukoplakia can vary. Some individuals may experience no symptoms at all, while others might notice discomfort, sensitivity, or a burning sensation in the affected areas. If the condition is related to tobacco or alcohol use, addressing these habits can lead to improvement. However, if the leukoplakia is caused by other factors, such as a viral infection or a systemic condition, treatment may differ.

It is crucial to seek a thorough examination from a dentist or an oral specialist, especially if the white patches have been present for an extended period or if they change in appearance. A biopsy may be necessary to rule out dysplasia (abnormal cell growth) or malignancy.
In terms of management, if leukoplakia is diagnosed, the primary approach is to eliminate any irritants. This may include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake, and addressing any dental issues that may be causing trauma to the oral mucosa. Regular follow-up appointments are essential to monitor the condition and ensure that it does not progress to a more serious issue.

In addition to lifestyle modifications, maintaining good oral hygiene is vital. This includes brushing your teeth at least twice a day, flossing daily, and using an antibacterial mouthwash to help reduce the risk of infections. Staying hydrated and avoiding spicy or acidic foods that may irritate the oral mucosa can also be beneficial.

If you are experiencing other symptoms such as pain, difficulty swallowing, or changes in taste, it is essential to communicate these to your healthcare provider. They may recommend additional tests or treatments based on your specific situation.

In summary, oral leukoplakia is a condition that requires careful evaluation and monitoring. While it can be benign, it is essential to rule out more serious conditions. If you notice persistent white patches or any changes in your oral health, do not hesitate to seek professional advice. Early intervention can lead to better outcomes and peace of mind regarding your oral health.

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