Radiation Risks: Insights on CT Scans and Cancer Concerns

Radiation issues

Dear Director Wang,
Thank you very much for your detailed explanation of the advantages and disadvantages of computed tomography (CT) scans in response to my previous questions.
I am particularly concerned about the potential harm caused by radiation, which is invisible and intangible.
After reading a research report, I struggled for a long time and decided to seek your expertise again, hoping you could provide guidance on how to interpret the findings correctly.
According to a report from Apple News, this study was conducted by the National Cancer Institute in the United States and commissioned by the UK Department of Health at Newcastle University.
The research investigated nearly 180,000 individuals under the age of 22 who underwent CT scans between 1985 and 2002, tracking their subsequent health developments until 2008.
It was found that 74 individuals were diagnosed with blood cancer and 135 with brain cancer.
I would like to summarize my concern and hope you can provide your valuable opinion once more.
At the age of 22, I have received a radiation dose of 7 mSv from an abdominal CT scan.
Can I still hope to live a long and healthy life, or should I prepare myself mentally for the possibility of developing cancer in the near future?
Sincerely,
Student Hong
(P.S.
I apologize if there are any repeated posts due to internet connection issues.)

Hong Tongxue, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2018/04/25

Dr. Wang Yifen reply Radiology

According to the American Society of Radiologic Technologists, a 22-year-old male undergoing a standard abdominal CT scan has a 99.9% chance of not developing additional cancer risk.
The benefit of undergoing a CT scan is that it provides diagnostic reference for physicians.
Research findings reported in the news can remind the public to be aware of the radiation risks associated with CT scans, which helps reduce the misuse of this examination.
In 2016, the Ministry of Health and Welfare published the top ten causes of death in Taiwan, with cancer ranking first for 35 consecutive years.
"Health" magazine compiled a list of ten factors that make individuals more susceptible to cancer: obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, a greasy diet, a preference for meat with low vegetable intake, smoking, betel nut chewing, excessive alcohol consumption, a preference for salty foods, a love for pickled foods, and high stress or anxiety levels.
Please establish healthy lifestyle habits to avoid becoming one of these ten groups at higher risk for cancer, and you can certainly live a long and healthy life.
Sincerely, Yi-Fen Wang.

Reply Date: 2018/04/25

More Info

Dear 洪同學,
Thank you for your thoughtful question regarding the risks associated with CT scans and the potential long-term effects of radiation exposure. It's completely understandable to have concerns about radiation, especially given the increasing use of imaging technologies in modern medicine. Let's break down the information and address your concerns comprehensively.

First, it's important to understand that all medical imaging procedures, including CT scans, involve some degree of radiation exposure. However, the key factor to consider is the balance between the potential risks of radiation and the benefits of obtaining critical diagnostic information that can guide treatment decisions. In your case, the 7 mSv dose from your abdominal CT scan is within the range of typical doses for such procedures.

To put this into perspective, the average person is exposed to about 3 mSv of natural background radiation each year from sources such as cosmic rays, radon gas, and terrestrial sources. Therefore, a single CT scan dose of 7 mSv is roughly equivalent to two years of natural background radiation exposure. While it is true that higher doses of radiation can increase the risk of cancer, the increase in risk from a single CT scan is relatively small.

The study you referenced, which tracked individuals under the age of 22 who underwent CT scans, does highlight a potential association between radiation exposure and increased cancer risk. However, it's crucial to note that the absolute risk remains low. For instance, the estimated increase in cancer risk from a single abdominal CT scan is often cited as being on the order of 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 10,000, depending on various factors such as age, sex, and overall health.

As a young adult, your body is generally more resilient, and the lifetime risk of developing cancer from a single CT scan is still quite low. The cumulative effect of multiple scans over time is what raises concern, but medical professionals typically weigh the necessity of each scan against the potential risks. If your healthcare provider recommends further imaging, it is likely because they believe the benefits of obtaining critical diagnostic information outweigh the risks.

In terms of psychological impact, it is common for patients to experience anxiety regarding potential health risks, especially when it comes to serious conditions like cancer. It may be helpful to discuss these feelings with your healthcare provider, who can offer reassurance and help you understand the rationale behind imaging decisions. Additionally, focusing on lifestyle factors that can reduce cancer risk—such as maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, avoiding tobacco, and managing stress—can empower you to take control of your health.

In conclusion, while it is wise to be aware of the risks associated with radiation exposure from CT scans, it is equally important to recognize the value of these diagnostic tools in managing health conditions. If you have ongoing concerns, consider discussing them with your physician, who can provide personalized advice based on your medical history and current health status. Remember, the goal of medical imaging is to enhance your health and well-being, and your healthcare team is there to support you in making informed decisions.

Wishing you peace of mind and good health,
Doctor Q&A Teams

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