and Treating Genital Warts: A Guide for Patients - Urology

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Genital warts, medically known as condylomata acuminata, are caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). They are a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) and can appear as small, flesh-colored or gray growths in the genital area, including the vulva, vagina, cervix, penis, scrotum, and around the anus. The presence of genital warts can be distressing, particularly when they are recurrent, as you have experienced.


Understanding Genital Warts
1. Causes and Transmission: Genital warts are primarily caused by HPV types 6 and 11, which are considered low-risk strains. They are transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. It is important to note that even if warts are not visible, the virus can still be transmitted.

2. Symptoms: While genital warts are often painless and may not cause any symptoms, they can lead to discomfort, itching, or bleeding, especially if they become irritated. The appearance of new growths, as you described, can indicate that the virus is still active.

3. Diagnosis: Diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination. In some cases, a healthcare provider may perform a biopsy to rule out other conditions.


Treatment Options
1. Topical Treatments: You mentioned using a topical treatment, likely imiquimod or podofilox, which are commonly prescribed to help remove warts. These treatments stimulate the immune system or directly destroy the wart tissue. However, they may require several weeks of consistent application and can sometimes lead to skin irritation.

2. Cryotherapy: This involves freezing the warts with liquid nitrogen, which can be effective but may require multiple sessions.
3. Electrosurgery: This method uses electrical currents to burn off the warts. It is often used for larger or more stubborn warts.

4. Laser Treatment: For extensive or recurrent warts, laser therapy may be considered. This is typically reserved for cases where other treatments have failed.

5. Surgical Removal: In some cases, surgical excision may be necessary, especially if the warts are large or persistent.

6. Vaccination: While you mentioned that there is no suitable vaccine for your age, it’s worth noting that the HPV vaccine (Gardasil 9) is recommended for individuals up to age 45. This vaccine can protect against the most common strains of HPV that cause genital warts and certain types of cancer. It may be beneficial to discuss this option with your healthcare provider.


Preventive Measures
1. Safe Sexual Practices: To reduce the risk of transmission, consider using condoms, although they do not provide complete protection since HPV can infect areas not covered by a condom.

2. Regular Check-ups: Regular visits to a healthcare provider for monitoring and treatment adjustments can help manage the condition effectively.

3. Boosting Immune System: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep, can help support your immune system in fighting off the virus.


Conclusion
It’s understandable to be concerned about transmitting HPV to a partner, especially when considering new relationships. While genital warts can be persistent, they can often be managed effectively with the right treatment. It’s crucial to maintain open communication with your healthcare provider about your symptoms and treatment options. They can help tailor a management plan that suits your needs and monitor your progress.

If you have further questions or concerns, especially regarding your treatment plan or the possibility of vaccination, do not hesitate to reach out to your healthcare provider. They are your best resource for personalized medical advice and support.