Oral Lichen Planus: Symptoms and Management Tips - Otolaryngology

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Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the mucous membranes inside the mouth. It is characterized by white patches, red swollen tissues, and sometimes painful sores. The exact cause of OLP is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to an autoimmune response where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the cells of the oral mucosa.

Symptoms of Oral Lichen Planus
1. White Patches: These are often described as lace-like or net-like patterns on the mucous membranes. They can appear on the tongue, gums, and inner cheeks.

2. Redness and Swelling: Areas of inflammation may be present, leading to discomfort or pain.

3. Sores: Some individuals may develop painful ulcers that can make eating and speaking difficult.

4. Rough Texture: The affected areas may feel rough or have a different texture compared to the surrounding tissue.

5. Bleeding: In some cases, there may be slight bleeding, especially if the lesions are irritated.

In your case, the presence of blood streaks on the underside of your tongue and the changes in the white patches could indicate irritation or a secondary issue, but it is essential to monitor these symptoms closely.


Management Tips
1. Regular Dental Check-ups: Since OLP can have periods of flare-ups and remission, regular visits to your dentist or oral specialist are crucial for monitoring the condition and managing symptoms.


2. Topical Treatments: While there is no definitive cure for OLP, topical corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation and alleviate discomfort. Your healthcare provider may prescribe a topical steroid ointment or mouth rinse.

3. Avoid Irritants: It is advisable to avoid spicy, acidic, or abrasive foods that can irritate the oral mucosa. Additionally, refrain from using tobacco products and limit alcohol consumption, as these can exacerbate symptoms.

4. Maintain Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and a mild toothpaste to avoid irritating the lesions. Rinsing with a saline solution or an alcohol-free mouthwash can help keep the mouth clean without causing irritation.

5. Manage Stress: Stress can trigger or worsen OLP symptoms. Engaging in stress-reducing activities such as yoga, meditation, or deep-breathing exercises may be beneficial.

6. Dietary Adjustments: Some patients find relief by adjusting their diet. Keeping a food diary to track any potential triggers can help identify foods that may worsen symptoms.

7. Medications: In more severe cases, systemic medications such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants may be necessary. Discuss these options with your healthcare provider if your symptoms are not manageable with topical treatments.

8. Follow-Up on Symptoms: Since you mentioned that the lesions are not painful and do not cause discomfort, it is still important to keep an eye on any changes. If you notice increased discomfort, changes in the appearance of the lesions, or any new symptoms, consult your healthcare provider promptly.


Conclusion
Oral lichen planus can be a challenging condition to manage due to its chronic nature and the variability of symptoms. While there is no specific cure, a combination of good oral hygiene, dietary adjustments, and appropriate medical management can help control symptoms and improve your quality of life. Regular follow-ups with your healthcare provider are essential to monitor the condition and make necessary adjustments to your treatment plan. If you have any concerns about new symptoms or changes in your condition, do not hesitate to reach out to your healthcare provider for further evaluation and guidance.