Ovarian Cysts: Impact on Menstrual Irregularities and Pregnancy Chances

Ovarian cysts-related issues and pregnancy chances?

Hello, Doctor.
I have three questions I would like to ask you.

1.
On August 12, I visited a gynecologist because my period was nearly 40 days late (I have a history of irregular menstrual cycles).
I was diagnosed with an ovarian cyst.
After taking the prescribed medication, my period started two days later (from August 14 to August 20).
Recently, my mobile app notified me that my period is late again, and I have started taking the remaining medication from my last visit.
Today is the third day, and my period still hasn’t arrived.
Should I schedule another appointment?
2.
Regarding my irregular menstrual cycle, if the cyst is the cause, will my ovulation still occur around 14 days before my next period, or is the delayed ovulation causing the menstrual delay? How can I estimate my ovulation period?
3.
My last three menstrual cycles were from June 17 to June 24, July 1 to July 6, and August 14 to August 20.
I had sexual intercourse on September 11, and during the last encounter, an inappropriate condom was used.
The male partner withdrew two to three minutes after ejaculation, but semen had already leaked from the condom.
I carefully checked for any visible holes or contact with the vulva, and there appeared to be none.
Considering the irregular menstrual issues mentioned, is there a possibility of pregnancy? (A condom was used correctly during each encounter.) Thank you, Doctor.

Xuan, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2019/09/16

Dr. Huang Jianzhong reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

1.
On August 12, I visited a gynecologist because my menstrual period was late for nearly 40 days (I have a history of irregular periods).
I was diagnosed with an ovarian cyst.
After taking the prescribed medication, my period started two days later (from August 14 to August 20).
Recently, my mobile app indicated that my period is late again, and I have started taking the remaining medication from my last visit.
It is now the third day, and my period still hasn't arrived.
Should I seek medical attention again? Answer: Wait another week.
2.
If my irregular menstruation is caused by the cyst, will ovulation still occur around 14 days before my period? Answer: Not necessarily; it may be that delayed ovulation is causing the menstrual delay.
How can I estimate my ovulation period? Answer: Approximately 14 days before your next expected period.
3.
My last three menstrual periods were from June 17 to June 24, July 1 to July 6, and August 14 to August 20.
I had sexual intercourse on September 11, and during the last instance, the male partner withdrew two to three minutes after ejaculation, but semen had already leaked from the condom.
I carefully checked for any holes or if it had come into contact with the vulva, and there were no visible signs.
Considering the irregular menstruation issues mentioned, is there a possibility of pregnancy? (A condom was used correctly throughout each encounter.) Answer: There is a possibility of pregnancy due to the semen leakage on September 11, but it is low.

Reply Date: 2019/09/16

More Info

When it comes to ovarian cysts and their impact on menstrual irregularities and pregnancy chances, there are several important factors to consider. Based on your questions, let's break down the issues one by one.

1. Irregular Menstrual Cycle and Need for Follow-Up: You mentioned that you experienced a delay in your menstrual cycle and were diagnosed with an ovarian cyst (specifically a water cyst). After taking prescribed medication, your period returned, but now you are facing another delay. Given your history of irregular periods and the recent development of a cyst, it is advisable to consult your healthcare provider again. They may want to perform an ultrasound to assess the cyst's status and determine if any changes have occurred. Additionally, they can evaluate other potential causes for your menstrual irregularities, such as hormonal imbalances or other underlying conditions.

2. Impact of Ovarian Cysts on Ovulation: Ovarian cysts can indeed affect your menstrual cycle and ovulation. If the cyst is functional (like a follicular cyst or corpus luteum cyst), it may disrupt the normal ovulation process. In a typical cycle, ovulation occurs about 14 days before the start of your next period. However, if ovulation is delayed due to the presence of a cyst, your menstrual cycle may also be delayed. To estimate your ovulation period, you can track your menstrual cycle length. If your cycles are irregular, it may be more challenging to predict ovulation accurately. Some women find ovulation predictor kits helpful, or they may track basal body temperature changes or cervical mucus consistency to identify ovulation.

3. Pregnancy Possibility After Unprotected Intercourse: You mentioned having unprotected intercourse on September 11, following a series of irregular menstrual cycles. While you used a condom, you expressed concern about potential leakage. The likelihood of pregnancy in this scenario depends on several factors, including the timing of ovulation. If you were close to your ovulation period when the intercourse occurred, there is a possibility of pregnancy, especially if the condom did not function as intended. However, if you were not ovulating at that time, the chances are lower. If your period does not arrive as expected, consider taking a home pregnancy test for confirmation.

In summary, it is crucial to maintain open communication with your healthcare provider regarding your menstrual irregularities and any concerns about ovarian cysts. Regular follow-ups can help monitor your condition and provide guidance on managing your menstrual health and fertility. If you suspect pregnancy, taking a test after a missed period will give you a clearer answer. Remember, while ovarian cysts can influence menstrual cycles, many women with cysts can still conceive and have healthy pregnancies. Always consult with your doctor for personalized advice and treatment options tailored to your specific situation.

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