Understanding Cervical Cancer Vaccination: Age Limits and Effectiveness
About vaccines? Hello, Doctor: I would like to ask if the cervical cancer vaccine must be administered between the ages of 9 and 26 to be effective? (Does 9 to 26 refer to chronological age or actual age?) What is the effectiveness if administered after this age? I have read some...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
The age range of 9 to 26 years refers to actual age. The infectivity of human papillomavirus (HPV) begins at age 9 and peaks around age 20. After age 26, the infectivity declines. Therefore, individuals over 26 years old who have no sexual experience should be eligible for vaccin...[Read More] Understanding Cervical Cancer Vaccination: Age Limits and Effectiveness
Managing Recurrent Vaginal Infections: Causes, Treatments, and Risks
Recurrent genital infections Hello Doctor, since I started having sexual intercourse after marriage, I have been experiencing recurrent infections. I usually have a milky white discharge, but after intercourse, the discharge often has a fishy odor and a cottage cheese-like consis...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
If the discharge is a simple milky white, it is mostly indicative of a Candida infection. However, if there is a fishy odor, it may suggest the presence of two or more infections. Given that this has been ongoing for 13 years, it indicates that the medications used are likely to ...[Read More] Managing Recurrent Vaginal Infections: Causes, Treatments, and Risks
Understanding Endometriosis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Fertility Concerns
Endometriosis? Hello~ I experience pain on the first day of my menstrual period every time, and I need to take painkillers to manage it. Additionally, my cycle is always over 35 days. I have had an ultrasound at a gynecologist's office. 1. Can this test detect endometriosis?...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
1. The primary diagnosis of endometriosis is confirmed through surgery, while other methods such as ultrasound, blood tests, and outpatient evaluations serve as supplementary references, so they may not always yield positive results. 2. Uterine anteversion is not a factor for dys...[Read More] Understanding Endometriosis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Fertility Concerns
Is Excessive Vitamin A from Juices Harmful During Early Pregnancy?
Will this cause any problems? I would like to ask the doctor, since I have just been pregnant for less than a month, I saw online that excessive intake of vitamin A during pregnancy can affect fetal development. I am unsure if this is true. Currently, I drink vegetable juice two ...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
Vitamin A is fat-soluble and can accumulate in the body when taken in excess, so it is important to consume it in appropriate amounts, approximately 25,000 IU, which is roughly equivalent to 310 grams of carrots.[Read More] Is Excessive Vitamin A from Juices Harmful During Early Pregnancy?
Essential Dietary Tips for Pregnant Women: Addressing Common Concerns
Diet During Pregnancy Hello Doctor, I am currently about 17 weeks pregnant. Recently, my morning sickness has eased, but I still feel uncomfortable and experience nausea at times. Although I eat three meals a day, my portion sizes are much smaller than before pregnancy. I eat fru...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
1. This level of nutrition should be fine! 2. Tea contains theobromine, which has a stimulating effect; it's okay to drink in moderation, but it's not recommended to consume it as a substitute for water. 3. Compared to the uterine cavity, the fetus has a larger space to...[Read More] Essential Dietary Tips for Pregnant Women: Addressing Common Concerns
Understanding Birth Control Pills: Your Questions Answered
Regarding contraceptive pills? Dear Dr. Lin Chao-Pei, Hello! Earlier this year, I consulted you about oral contraceptive pills for 21 days, and I am truly grateful for your patient responses. I have another question I would like to ask you. I have been taking Marvelon (a 21-day ...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
1. It is impossible to get pregnant because it is not the ovulation period. 2. That's correct, on the third day of menstruation, it is only the beginning of the follicular phase, and there is no egg present. 3. If contraception is stopped for more than 10 days after menstrua...[Read More] Understanding Birth Control Pills: Your Questions Answered
Is It Safe for Pregnant Women to Consume Oligosaccharides?
Can pregnant women consume oligosaccharides? Hello doctor, may I ask if pregnant women can consume oligofructose? I am currently in my tenth week of pregnancy and have been experiencing gastrointestinal issues. I would like to take oligofructose to promote beneficial bacteria in ...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
As long as there is no diabetes or gestational diabetes, the intake of sugar does not have adverse effects on pregnant women.[Read More] Is It Safe for Pregnant Women to Consume Oligosaccharides?
Managing Severe Morning Sickness: When to Seek Help and Remedies
Morning sickness Hello, Doctor. I am currently 9 weeks and 4 days pregnant with my first child. I started experiencing some nausea around week 7. I visited the doctor at 8 weeks and 3 days, and the doctor said it wasn't severe enough to require anti-nausea medication. Howeve...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
Nausea during pregnancy is primarily due to the mother's sensitivity to hormones, and in severe cases, it can lead to electrolyte imbalances. 1. It is advisable to return to the outpatient clinic for a urine test or blood draw to determine if hospitalization is necessary. 2....[Read More] Managing Severe Morning Sickness: When to Seek Help and Remedies
Understanding Changes in Vaginal Lubrication: When to Seek Help
Lubricant thickening? When my boyfriend was caressing me, he noticed that the lubrication I was secreting became thicker compared to previous times (which felt more like regular tap water). I want to know if this is an abnormal situation. Additionally, after my boyfriend caresses...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
If prior to ovulation, the secretions are naturally clearer, while they tend to be less transparent otherwise. Based on the aforementioned points, it is possible that there is a mild infectious vaginitis. If there is no discomfort (such as wetness or itching), there is no need fo...[Read More] Understanding Changes in Vaginal Lubrication: When to Seek Help
Managing Group B Streptococcus During Pregnancy: Key Concerns and Precautions
Infection with Group B Streptococcus (GBS)? Hello Doctor: During my pregnancy, I tested positive for Group B Streptococcus. At that time, my obstetrician said to wait until delivery to administer antibiotics for prevention. However, on the day of delivery, I experienced a rapid l...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
1. Group B Streptococcus infection is one of the leading causes of neonatal infection-related mortality within the first month of life. 2. The baby is now 9 months old, and if there were no symptoms within the first month after birth, it is no longer related to the delivery. ...[Read More] Managing Group B Streptococcus During Pregnancy: Key Concerns and Precautions
Can Early Pregnancy Cause Sudden Acne Breakouts?
Is it common to have a breakout of acne in early pregnancy? I have been experiencing acne for a while, but suddenly in the past two weeks, it has worsened significantly, mostly appearing on my chin and the sides of my nose (I have previously consulted an endocrinologist about thi...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
During the early stages of pregnancy, the basal body temperature remains elevated, and there is an increase in progesterone secretion, which may lead to a higher likelihood of developing acne.[Read More] Can Early Pregnancy Cause Sudden Acne Breakouts?
Understanding Ectopic Pregnancy: Symptoms and When to See a Doctor
Regarding ectopic pregnancy issues? Hello Doctor, I discovered I had an ectopic pregnancy in early September last year due to abnormal bleeding at that time. A year later, I think I might be pregnant again. My last menstrual period was on July 28, and I took a pregnancy test on A...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
Three symptoms of ectopic pregnancy, in order of frequency, are: 1. abdominal pain, 2. light bleeding, and 3. irregular menstrual cycles. Generally, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy is 2%, but if it is a recurrence, the rate can be as high as 15%. If you are concerned, you can ...[Read More] Understanding Ectopic Pregnancy: Symptoms and When to See a Doctor
Can I Continue Taking Takepron During Early Pregnancy?
Pregnancy and Medication Doctor, I have been taking the stomach medication "Takepron" for about six months. I recently found out that I am pregnant. Can I continue taking this medication? I previously asked a gastroenterologist, and they said it was okay to take, but I ...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
Takepron is classified as a pregnancy category B medication, which means it has no adverse effects on pregnancy and can be continued during pregnancy.[Read More] Can I Continue Taking Takepron During Early Pregnancy?
Understanding White Bumps on the Areola: Causes and Solutions
Pimples on the areola? Hello, doctor. I have a question for you. Yesterday while taking a shower, I noticed something that looks like a pimple with a white head on my areola. It doesn't hurt unless I press on it. What could this be? What should I do now? What could have caus...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
It could be folliculitis. You can wait a few more days for the inflammation to mature and then drain it, or you can visit a clinic to get medication.[Read More] Understanding White Bumps on the Areola: Causes and Solutions
Natural Ways to Promote Ovulation Without Medication for PCOS
Ovulation medication Hello, doctor. I recently experienced a delay in my menstrual cycle and learned from my doctor that I have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, my blood tests came back normal, but I have poor ovulation. I would like to ask the following questions: 1. ...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
1. If you want to ovulate without taking ovulation medication, consider weight loss if you are overweight. Additionally, you can receive ovulation injections or undergo laparoscopic ovarian surgery to manage the follicles. 2. The effect of ovulation medication lasts only for 5 da...[Read More] Natural Ways to Promote Ovulation Without Medication for PCOS
Understanding Symptoms and Diagnosis of Uterine Hypoplasia
Incomplete development of the uterus? Hello, doctor. I would like to ask what symptoms may be associated with incomplete uterine development? Can an internal examination reveal incomplete uterine development? Thank you.
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
Uterine developmental anomalies include uterus didelphys and bicornuate uterus. If there is no development, it results in agenesis of the uterus. Uterus didelphys has two cervices, which can be identified through a pelvic examination, while a bicornuate uterus is diagnosed via ul...[Read More] Understanding Symptoms and Diagnosis of Uterine Hypoplasia
Understanding Emergency Contraception: Effects and Risks Explained
Emergency contraceptive pill Hello doctor, I had sexual intercourse with my girlfriend on July 19, and on August 7, she tested positive for pregnancy. Her menstrual cycle is about 28 days. She went to the pharmacy and bought a medication, the name of which she does not know, but ...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
On August 7, the pregnancy test was positive. The medication taken was definitely not an emergency contraceptive but rather an abortion pill. Taking it without a doctor's examination is very dangerous. Aside from potential complications in the future, such as miscarriage and...[Read More] Understanding Emergency Contraception: Effects and Risks Explained
Managing PCOS and Acne: Exploring Effective Solutions Beyond Medication
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Acne Hello, doctor. I have been suffering from acne for ten years without any cure. Last year, after a blood test at the hospital, I discovered that I have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The test results indicated that my androgen and lutei...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often leads to irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, and symptoms of elevated male hormones (such as acne and hirsutism). Treatment options include ovulation-inducing medications, menstrual regulation medications, surgery, and weight loss. Howe...[Read More] Managing PCOS and Acne: Exploring Effective Solutions Beyond Medication
Understanding Abnormal Menstrual Flow: Causes and Concerns
Hypomenorrhea Hello doctor, this month my menstrual flow is noticeably lighter than before. Previously, my period lasted about 5 days with a normal flow. However, this time, the first day had a heavy flow, but by the second evening, it decreased significantly. By the third day, t...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
Taking ovulation medications can cause thinning of the endometrium, which may result in a decrease in menstrual flow. It is common for those taking menstrual regulation medications to experience a slight reduction in flow, and this is considered a normal phenomenon.[Read More] Understanding Abnormal Menstrual Flow: Causes and Concerns
Discomfort After Intimacy: Understanding Vaginal Pain and Itching
Feeling discomfort after sexual intercourse? I experience pain at the vaginal opening after having intercourse with my boyfriend, which initially hurts but then turns into itching that lasts for about one to two days. I visited a doctor once, and he mentioned it could be a vagina...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
This is likely labial inflammation, possibly caused by insufficient lubrication. It is recommended to use some lubricants for maintenance beforehand. If there is no improvement, it may be necessary to seek treatment at a clinic.[Read More] Discomfort After Intimacy: Understanding Vaginal Pain and Itching