Symptoms After Potential HIV Exposure: What to Know

Infectious symptoms

Hello, doctor.
I had sexual intercourse with a woman on the afternoon of the 9th.
We used a condom throughout, but it slipped off at one point; however, I immediately replaced it with a new one.
We also engaged in kissing and oral sex.
About 2 to 3 days later, I developed a sore throat and a sore on my tongue.
Then, around the 14th and 15th, I experienced intermittent low-grade fever and mild cold symptoms, which have persisted until today.
Occasionally, I have been sweating.
As of today, the sore on my tongue has not worsened, and there are no abnormalities in my genital area, but I have noticed two small red spots on my hand (which are neither painful nor itchy).
My skin appears normal otherwise (including my neck and back).
The cold symptoms are very mild, with only a sore throat and slight nasal congestion.
After seeing a family doctor, I feel that my symptoms have improved.
Today, my ear temperature did not exceed 37.2 degrees Celsius, but I still feel warm and have been sweating.
I would like to ask if I might have contracted HIV.
If not, what could these symptoms indicate? How many days after exposure should I wait to get an accurate HIV PCR test? The testing facility mentioned that I could test today, the 18th, but I am not very reassured.
Thank you for your help.

Nìmíng zhě, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2019/11/18

Dr. Hong Yuanbin reply Internal Medicine

Based on your description, it seems that the symptoms you are experiencing may be due to a subsequent cold.
However, it is true that the early symptoms of HIV can resemble those of a cold, so it cannot be completely ruled out based solely on symptoms.
I recommend that you go to a hospital for HIV testing.
If the result is negative, please keep in mind that since you may have been recently infected, there could be a window period issue.
It would be advisable to consider retesting in about 3 to 6 months to confirm.
Thank you for your inquiry.

Reply Date: 2019/11/18

More Info

After potential exposure to HIV, understanding the symptoms and the timeline for testing is crucial for both peace of mind and health management. Based on your description, you engaged in sexual activity with a female partner, during which a condom slipped but was promptly replaced. You also mentioned engaging in oral sex and kissing. Following this, you experienced symptoms such as a sore throat, tongue ulcers, intermittent low-grade fever, and mild sweating, along with a couple of small red spots on your hands.

Understanding Symptoms
1. Acute HIV Infection Symptoms: The symptoms you are experiencing could be indicative of an acute HIV infection, which typically occurs 2 to 4 weeks after exposure. Common symptoms during this phase can include fever, sore throat, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and skin rashes. However, these symptoms are often nonspecific and can resemble those of other viral infections.

2. Timeline of Symptoms: The timeline of your symptoms is important. You mentioned that symptoms began 2 to 3 days after exposure, which is relatively early for acute HIV symptoms. Generally, acute HIV symptoms appear within 2 to 6 weeks post-exposure, but they can vary significantly among individuals.
3. Other Possible Causes: It's also important to consider that your symptoms could be due to other viral infections, such as the common cold or flu, especially since you have a sore throat and low-grade fever. The presence of tongue ulcers and mild skin irritation could also suggest other non-HIV related infections or conditions.

Testing for HIV
1. When to Test: The most reliable tests for HIV are the antibody/antigen tests (often referred to as "combo tests"), which can typically detect HIV infection about 18 to 45 days after exposure. However, if you are considering an HIV PCR test, it can detect the virus earlier, usually within 10 to 14 days post-exposure. Given that you are currently around 14 days post-exposure, it may be reasonable to get tested now, but be aware that results may not be definitive until a few weeks later.

2. Follow-Up Testing: If your initial test is negative but you still have concerns or symptoms, it is advisable to follow up with additional testing after the window period (typically 4 to 6 weeks for antibody tests). This is crucial because of the window period during which the virus may not be detectable.

3. Testing Locations: You can visit local health clinics or hospitals that offer HIV testing. Many places provide rapid testing options, which can give you results within hours.

Conclusion
While your symptoms may cause concern regarding HIV infection, they could also be attributed to other viral infections. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider who can evaluate your symptoms in the context of your recent exposure and recommend appropriate testing. Remember, early detection and treatment are key in managing any potential HIV infection, and addressing your concerns with a healthcare professional can provide both clarity and peace of mind.
If you are feeling anxious about the possibility of HIV, it may also be beneficial to discuss your feelings with a mental health professional or a support group, as the psychological impact of potential infection can be significant.

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