Gonorrhea: Symptoms, Treatment, and Risks Explained - Urology

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Gonorrhea, caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can affect various mucous membranes in the body, including the genital tract, rectum, and throat. Understanding the symptoms, treatment, and risks associated with gonorrhea is crucial for effective management and prevention.


Symptoms of Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea symptoms can vary between individuals and may not always be present. Common symptoms in men include:
- Painful urination: A burning sensation when urinating.

- Discharge: A yellow, green, or white discharge from the penis.

- Swollen testicles: Pain or swelling in one or both testicles.

In women, symptoms can be more subtle and may include:
- Increased vaginal discharge: Often yellow or green in color.

- Painful urination: Similar to men.

- Pelvic pain: Pain during intercourse or in the lower abdomen.

- Irregular bleeding: Between periods or after intercourse.


Treatment of Gonorrhea
The treatment for gonorrhea typically involves antibiotics. In your case, the doctor administered an injection and prescribed oral antibiotics, which is a common and effective treatment regimen. The injection often contains ceftriaxone, while the oral medication may include azithromycin or doxycycline.
1. Immediate Improvement: After receiving treatment, many individuals may notice an improvement in symptoms within a few days. However, it is essential to complete the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms resolve quickly. While some symptoms may diminish rapidly, it is not guaranteed that all discharge will cease immediately.
2. Side Effects: Gastrointestinal discomfort, including diarrhea, can occur as a side effect of antibiotics. If the symptoms are severe or persistent, it is advisable to contact your healthcare provider for further evaluation.

3. Resuming Sexual Activity: It is generally recommended to avoid sexual activity, including masturbation, until you have completed the full course of treatment and your symptoms have resolved. This helps prevent the spread of the infection and allows your body to heal.


Risks and Transmission
4. Infection Despite Protection: Even with condom use, there is still a risk of contracting gonorrhea, especially if the condom does not cover all areas of potential exposure. Gonorrhea can be transmitted through any sexual contact with an infected area, including oral, vaginal, or anal sex. The risk of contracting HIV increases if one has an STI like gonorrhea due to the inflammation and potential for breaks in the mucosal barrier.

5. Co-infection with HIV: It is not uncommon for individuals to be co-infected with gonorrhea and HIV, especially in high-risk populations. The presence of one STI can facilitate the transmission of another, making regular testing and safe sex practices essential.

6. Transmission Risk: Yes, any contact with infected bodily fluids, including pre-ejaculate or ejaculate, can pose a risk for infection. Gonorrhea can infect the urethra, throat, and rectum, so exposure to these areas increases the risk of transmission.


Conclusion
In summary, gonorrhea is a treatable STI, and with appropriate antibiotic therapy, most individuals will recover fully. It is crucial to follow your healthcare provider's instructions, complete the prescribed medication, and refrain from sexual activity until cleared. Regular STI screenings and practicing safe sex can significantly reduce the risk of infections. If you have further concerns or experience worsening symptoms, do not hesitate to reach out to your healthcare provider for guidance.