Positive Serum Tests for Stomach Cancer: What You Need to Know - Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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When you receive a positive serum test for stomach cancer, it can understandably cause a great deal of anxiety and concern. It's important to clarify what a positive result means and the potential implications for your health.
Firstly, a positive serum test for stomach cancer, such as elevated levels of tumor markers like CA72-4, does not definitively indicate that you have stomach cancer. Tumor markers are substances that can be found in the blood, urine, or tissues and are often produced by cancer cells or by normal cells in response to cancer. While elevated levels can suggest the presence of cancer, they can also be influenced by various benign conditions. For instance, conditions such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, or even certain infections can lead to increased levels of these markers.

In your case, having a history of Helicobacter pylori infection (which is known to be associated with gastric conditions, including ulcers and gastritis) could potentially contribute to changes in your gastric mucosa, leading to elevated tumor marker levels. However, the absence of H. pylori in your breath test two years ago suggests that the infection may have been resolved, but it does not eliminate the possibility of other gastric issues, such as atrophic gastritis, which you mentioned.

Atrophic gastritis is a condition characterized by the thinning of the stomach lining and can be caused by chronic inflammation, often due to long-term H. pylori infection or autoimmune conditions. This condition can also lead to changes in the stomach that may predispose an individual to gastric cancer over time. Therefore, while a positive serum test is concerning, it is crucial to interpret it in the context of your overall health, symptoms, and medical history.

Given your situation, it is advisable to follow up with further diagnostic testing. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (gastroscopy) is a critical next step. This procedure allows a physician to visually inspect the stomach lining and take biopsies if necessary. Biopsies can provide definitive information about the presence of cancerous cells or other pathological changes in the gastric tissue.

In addition to endoscopy, your healthcare provider may recommend additional imaging studies or blood tests to monitor your condition. It's also essential to discuss your symptoms, if any, and any changes in your health with your doctor.
In summary, a positive serum test for stomach cancer does not automatically mean you have cancer. It is a signal that warrants further investigation. Conditions like atrophic gastritis or previous H. pylori infections can influence these results. The best course of action is to consult with a gastroenterologist who can guide you through the necessary steps for diagnosis and management. Early detection and intervention are key in addressing any potential issues effectively. Remember, staying informed and proactive about your health is crucial, and seeking professional medical advice is always the best approach when faced with such concerns.