Retinal Degeneration: Symptoms and Risks for High Myopia - Ophthalmology

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Retinal degeneration is a significant concern for individuals with high myopia, particularly when the degree of myopia exceeds -6.00 diopters (or 600 degrees). In your case, with a prescription of approximately -1100 degrees, you are at a higher risk for various retinal complications, including retinal degeneration, retinal tears, and even retinal detachment.

Understanding Retinal Degeneration
Retinal degeneration refers to the gradual deterioration of the retina, which can manifest in various forms, including thinning of the retinal layers, changes in the retinal pigment epithelium, and the development of retinal holes or tears. In high myopia, the elongation of the eyeball can lead to stretching and thinning of the retina, making it more susceptible to these changes.

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Symptoms of Retinal Degeneration
1. Flashes of Light (Photopsia): The sensation of seeing flashes of light can occur when the vitreous gel inside the eye pulls on the retina. This is often a sign that the vitreous is beginning to detach from the retina, which can be a precursor to more serious issues.

2. Floaters: These are small spots or lines that appear in your field of vision. They are often harmless but can indicate changes in the vitreous or retina.

3. Visual Distortions: As you described, seeing flashes or shadows can be alarming. These symptoms can indicate that the retina is being affected, and while they may not always signify a tear, they warrant careful monitoring.

4. Loss of Peripheral Vision: In more severe cases, retinal degeneration can lead to a loss of peripheral vision, which is a more serious symptom that requires immediate attention.


Risks and Monitoring
The risk of developing a retinal tear or detachment increases with the severity of myopia. If you are experiencing intermittent flashes and shadows, it is crucial to monitor these symptoms closely. While not every instance of flashes or floaters indicates a retinal tear, they can be early warning signs.
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Timeframe for Progression
The timeframe from retinal degeneration to the development of a retinal tear can vary significantly among individuals. Some may experience a rapid progression, while others may remain stable for years. Factors influencing this progression include the degree of myopia, the presence of other ocular conditions, and individual anatomical variations.


Recommendations
1. Regular Eye Exams: Given your high myopia and the recent symptoms you've experienced, it is advisable to have more frequent eye examinations. While your doctor suggested annual follow-ups, you might consider scheduling visits every six months or sooner if your symptoms change.

2. Immediate Attention for New Symptoms: If you notice a sudden increase in the frequency or intensity of flashes, new floaters, or a shadow in your vision, seek immediate medical attention. These could indicate a developing retinal tear or detachment.

3. Lifestyle Considerations: While there is no direct correlation between excessive screen time and retinal degeneration, maintaining good eye health through proper rest and eye care is essential. Follow the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.

4. Avoid High-Impact Activities: If advised by your ophthalmologist, it may be prudent to avoid activities that could increase intraocular pressure or put stress on the retina, such as heavy lifting or high-impact sports.


Conclusion
In summary, while your current symptoms may not immediately indicate a retinal tear, they should not be ignored. Regular monitoring and open communication with your eye care provider are key to managing your eye health effectively. If you have any concerns or notice changes in your vision, do not hesitate to reach out to your ophthalmologist for further evaluation.