Can You Get Pregnant After Unprotected Sex on Ovulation Day?

The last day of the ovulation period without protection but no ejaculation inside?

Hello Doctor: I had unprotected intercourse with my girlfriend on the last day of her ovulation period, but there was no ejaculation inside.
I took the emergency contraceptive pill 24 hours later because I was concerned that pre-ejaculate fluid might have been present.
Is there a possibility of pregnancy in this situation?

Dan Tou, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2020/10/11

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, the chances of pregnancy should be low.
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2020/10/11

More Info

When it comes to the possibility of pregnancy after unprotected sex during ovulation, it's important to understand the timing of ovulation and the lifespan of sperm. Ovulation typically occurs about 14 days before the start of your next menstrual period, and the egg is viable for fertilization for about 12 to 24 hours after ovulation. Sperm, on the other hand, can survive in the female reproductive tract for up to five days under optimal conditions.

Given that you had unprotected sex on the last day of your girlfriend's ovulation period, there is a possibility of pregnancy. If sperm were present in the pre-ejaculate (pre-cum), which can occur even if there was no ejaculation, there is a risk of fertilization. The pre-ejaculate can contain sperm, and if it was present during intercourse, it could potentially lead to pregnancy.

Taking emergency contraception (the "morning-after pill") within 24 hours of unprotected sex is a proactive step to reduce the risk of pregnancy. However, the effectiveness of emergency contraception decreases the longer you wait after unprotected intercourse. It is most effective when taken as soon as possible after the event, ideally within 72 hours, but some types can be taken up to five days after.

In your case, since you took the emergency contraception 24 hours after the unprotected sex, it should still provide a significant level of protection against pregnancy. However, it is not 100% effective, and there is still a small chance of pregnancy occurring.

If your girlfriend experiences any unusual symptoms or if her period is late, it would be advisable for her to take a pregnancy test. Home pregnancy tests are generally accurate if taken after a missed period, but they can sometimes give false negatives if taken too early. If there are concerns or uncertainties, consulting with a healthcare provider can provide further guidance and support.

In summary, while there is a possibility of pregnancy from unprotected sex during ovulation, taking emergency contraception is a responsible action that can help mitigate that risk. Monitoring for any signs of pregnancy and consulting with a healthcare professional if needed is the best course of action moving forward.

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