Pregnancy Chances After Unprotected Intercourse - Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Probability of Pregnancy


Hello doctor, my girlfriend had her period on January 26 and February 19, and she took emergency contraception both times.
On March 20, she felt like her period was about to come, experiencing symptoms like breast tenderness, uterine cramping, and menstrual acne.
We had unprotected intercourse three times, and as of today, her period still hasn't arrived.
I would like to ask how likely it is that she is pregnant.

J, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2021/03/29

Dr. Huang Yuande reply Obstetrics and Gynecology


Frequent use of emergency contraceptive pills can disrupt the menstrual cycle, making it difficult to determine the safe period based solely on the menstrual cycle.
It is still advisable to use contraceptive pills or condoms for safer contraception.

Reply Date: 2021/03/29

More Info


When considering the chances of pregnancy after unprotected intercourse, several factors come into play, including the timing of the menstrual cycle, ovulation, and the effectiveness of any contraceptive methods used. In your case, it appears that your girlfriend has had her menstrual period on January 26 and February 19, which suggests that her cycle is somewhat regular. However, since you mentioned that she has experienced symptoms typically associated with menstruation, such as breast tenderness and abdominal cramps, it is important to analyze the situation further.

Firstly, ovulation typically occurs around 14 days before the start of the next menstrual period. If her cycle is approximately 28 days, ovulation would likely occur around day 14, which would be around February 12 in this case. Unprotected intercourse during the ovulation window significantly increases the chances of conception. However, if the intercourse occurred outside of this window, the likelihood of pregnancy decreases.

Since you mentioned that there were three instances of internal ejaculation after her last period, and considering that her period has not yet arrived, it is possible that she could be pregnant. The symptoms you described, such as breast tenderness and abdominal discomfort, can be early signs of pregnancy, but they can also be indicative of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
To determine if she is pregnant, the most reliable method would be to take a home pregnancy test. These tests are designed to detect the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is produced shortly after a fertilized egg attaches to the uterine lining. It is advisable to wait until at least the first day of her missed period for the most accurate results. If the test is positive, it would confirm pregnancy; if negative and her period still does not arrive, she should consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation.

Additionally, it is important to consider that stress, changes in weight, and other health factors can also affect menstrual cycles. If her period is significantly delayed, it may be worth investigating other potential causes, such as hormonal imbalances or other underlying health issues.

In summary, while there is a possibility of pregnancy given the circumstances, the best course of action is to conduct a home pregnancy test and consult with a healthcare professional if there are any concerns or if her period does not arrive soon. Understanding the timing of ovulation and the factors affecting menstrual cycles can help in assessing the likelihood of pregnancy more accurately.

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