Mitral Valve Prolapse: Risks, Complications, and Management

Mitral valve prolapse

Hello Doctor, I experience palpitations and underwent an echocardiogram due to mitral valve prolapse.
Although the doctor mentioned it is mild, there are two measurements that did not meet the standard: LVIDD 38.98 mm (normal range 40.00 - 55.00) and SV (Teich) 41.59 ml (normal range 50.00 - 100.00).
Could these two measurements potentially lead to any related diseases or complications? What diseases might occur as I age? What should I be cautious about? Additionally, my electrocardiogram results are normal.
I am 170 cm tall, weigh 50 kg, and my blood pressure is not high, ranging between 90-110 over 60-80.
Thank you! Below are the report details: Ao Diameter 29.34 mm (normal range 18.00 - 35.00), LA Diameter 28.91 mm (normal range 20.00 - 40.00), LA/Ao 0.99, IVSd 7.01 mm (normal range 7.00 - 11.00), LVIDD 38.98 mm (normal range 40.00 - 55.00), LVPWd 7.88 mm (normal range 7.00 - 11.00), LVIDS 25.84 mm (normal range 22.00 - 44.00), EDV (Teich) 65.82 ml, ESV (Teich) 24.23 ml, EF (Teich) 63.19% (normal range 55.00 - 80.00), %FS 33.71% (normal range 25.00 - 44.00), SV (Teich) 41.59 ml (normal range 50.00 - 100.00).
LV Mass (ASE) 81.39 g, Doppler MVE Vel 69.67 cm/s, MV DecT 143.20 ms, MVA Vel 40.57 cm/s, MV E/A Ratio 1.72, MV PHT 41.53 ms, MVA By PHT 5.30 cm², TR Vmax 198.98 cm/s, TR maxPG 15.84 mmHg.
Summary: 1.
Normal aortic valve without aortic regurgitation.
2.
Mitral valve prolapse with trivial mitral regurgitation.
3.
Normal left ventricular wall thickness, chamber size, wall motion, and left ventricular systolic function, LVEF 63%.
4.
No left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.
5.
Mild tricuspid regurgitation, normal pulmonary pressure, PASP 21 mmHg.
6.
No left ventricular regional wall motion deficit.
7.
No left atrial enlargement.

ben, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2021/03/31

Dr. Wu Xueming reply Cardiology

According to your echocardiogram report, there is mild mitral valve prolapse and regurgitation, which should not affect cardiac function.
If you experience any discomforting symptoms, you may follow up at the cardiology outpatient clinic.

Reply Date: 2021/03/31

More Info

Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) is a condition where the mitral valve, which separates the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart, does not close properly. This can lead to a variety of symptoms and complications, although many individuals with MVP experience few or no symptoms. Your echocardiogram results indicate that you have mild mitral valve prolapse with trivial mitral regurgitation (MR), which is a common finding and often not a cause for concern.

Understanding Your Echocardiogram Results
1. LVIDD (Left Ventricular Internal Dimension in Diastole): Your measurement of 38.98 mm is slightly below the normal range (40.00 - 55.00 mm). While this may indicate a smaller left ventricular size, it is not necessarily a direct cause for alarm. It is essential to correlate this finding with your overall heart function and symptoms.

2. SV (Stroke Volume): Your stroke volume of 41.59 ml is also below the normal range (50.00 - 100.00 ml). A low stroke volume can indicate that the heart is not pumping blood effectively, which could lead to symptoms such as fatigue or palpitations. However, given that your left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is 63.19%, which is within the normal range (55.00 - 80.00%), it suggests that your heart is still functioning adequately.

Risks and Complications of Mitral Valve Prolapse
While many people with MVP live without significant issues, there are potential risks and complications to be aware of:
- Arrhythmias: Some individuals with MVP may experience palpitations or irregular heartbeats. This is often benign but can be distressing.

- Mitral Regurgitation: Although you currently have trivial MR, it is important to monitor this over time, as it can progress and lead to volume overload of the left atrium and ventricle, potentially causing heart failure.

- Infective Endocarditis: MVP can increase the risk of infection of the heart valves, especially if there is significant regurgitation. Good dental hygiene and prophylactic antibiotics before certain procedures may be recommended.

- Heart Failure: In rare cases, significant mitral regurgitation can lead to heart failure, particularly if left untreated.

Long-term Considerations
As you age, it is crucial to maintain regular follow-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor your heart health. Key considerations include:
- Regular Echocardiograms: These can help track any changes in the structure and function of your heart, particularly the mitral valve and left ventricle.

- Lifestyle Modifications: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking, can help reduce cardiovascular risks.

- Symptom Monitoring: Keep track of any new or worsening symptoms, such as increased palpitations, shortness of breath, or fatigue, and report these to your doctor.

Conclusion
In summary, while your echocardiogram shows some measurements that are slightly below normal, your overall heart function appears to be preserved. Mitral valve prolapse is a manageable condition, and with appropriate monitoring and lifestyle adjustments, many individuals lead healthy lives. It is essential to maintain open communication with your healthcare provider regarding any concerns or changes in your health. Regular check-ups will help ensure that any potential complications are addressed promptly.

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