Calluses: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options - Dermatology

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Calluses, or thickened areas of skin that develop in response to repeated friction or pressure, are common on the feet, particularly in areas that bear weight or experience frequent rubbing. They serve as a protective mechanism, but when they become too thick or develop in sensitive areas, they can lead to discomfort, pain, and itching, as you are experiencing.


Causes of Calluses
Calluses form due to various factors, including:
1. Friction and Pressure: Continuous rubbing from shoes that do not fit properly, high heels, or activities that put pressure on specific areas of the foot can lead to callus formation.

2. Foot Structure: Certain foot shapes, such as flat feet or high arches, can predispose individuals to develop calluses in specific areas.

3. Activities: Sports or occupations that involve repetitive foot movements can also contribute to callus development.

4. Skin Conditions: Conditions like eczema or psoriasis can affect the skin's integrity and lead to callus formation.


Symptoms of Calluses
The symptoms of calluses can include:
- Thickened, hardened skin on the foot.

- Pain or tenderness in the affected area, especially when walking or standing.

- Itching or irritation, particularly if the callus is located in a sensitive area.

- Changes in skin color, often appearing yellowish or grayish.


Differentiating Calluses from Corns
While calluses are generally larger and flatter, corns (often referred to as "chicken eyes") are smaller, rounder, and typically develop on the tops or sides of toes. Corns can be painful and are often more sensitive than calluses. Given your description of pain and itching in specific areas, it is possible that you may have corns rather than just calluses.


Treatment Options
1. Over-the-Counter Treatments: You can indeed purchase corn pads or callus pads at a pharmacy. These products often contain salicylic acid, which helps to soften and remove the thickened skin. However, be cautious when using these products, especially if you have sensitive skin or underlying conditions like diabetes.

2. Proper Footwear: Ensure that your shoes fit well and provide adequate support. Avoid tight shoes or high heels that can exacerbate the problem.

3. Foot Care Routine: Regularly soak your feet in warm water to soften the skin, followed by gentle exfoliation with a pumice stone or foot file. This can help reduce the thickness of the callus or corn.

4. Moisturizing: Keeping your feet well-moisturized can help prevent the skin from becoming too thick. Look for creams specifically designed for foot care.

5. Consult a Podiatrist: If the pain persists or worsens, or if you are unsure whether you have calluses or corns, it is advisable to consult a podiatrist. They can provide a proper diagnosis and recommend more targeted treatments, such as custom orthotics or professional removal of corns.


Conclusion
In summary, while it is possible to manage calluses and corns at home with over-the-counter treatments and proper foot care, persistent pain or discomfort warrants professional evaluation. A podiatrist can help determine the exact nature of your foot issues and provide tailored treatment options to alleviate your symptoms. Remember, taking care of your feet is essential for overall health and mobility, so don't hesitate to seek help if needed.