Chickenpox: Vaccination and Lifelong Immunity Explained

Q: Chickenpox: Vaccination and Lifelong Immunity Explained

Hello, Xiaoling： 1. The varicella vaccine is a highly active live attenuated vaccine. For healthy children aged between one and twelve years, a single dose is sufficient. For those over twelve years, two doses are required, spaced 2 to 4 weeks apart. Antibodies

Chickenpox

Will everyone get chickenpox? If so, why is there a chickenpox vaccine? Does having it once provide lifelong immunity?

Xiao Ling, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2003/04/09

Dr. Zhang Jinglong reply Pediatrics

Hello, Xiaoling:
1.
The varicella vaccine is a highly active live attenuated vaccine.
For healthy children aged between one and twelve years, a single dose is sufficient.
For those over twelve years, two doses are required, spaced 2 to 4 weeks apart.
Antibodies against varicella typically develop approximately two weeks after vaccination, providing protection that can last over ten years.
Additionally, due to the presence of other varicella patients in the surrounding environment, natural boosting of immunity may occur through exposure.
Optimistic studies suggest that the vaccine is effective in preventing varicella infection in up to 98% of cases, and the side effects following vaccination are relatively low.
2.
Most individuals (>80%) contract varicella before the age of 10.
Generally, after a varicella infection, long-term immunity is established; however, statistics indicate that approximately 3 out of 1000 patients may experience a second infection, depending on individual immune status.
3.
Varicella primarily affects children, causing discomfort, severe itching, fever, and difficulties in caregiving, which prevents them from attending preschool or elementary school.
Vaccination can help avoid these issues.
Not all varicella cases are benign; complications (1% to 0.1%) can include skin infections, scarring, varicella encephalitis, varicella pneumonia, and otitis media.
In adults, there are additional concerns regarding varicella infection during pregnancy and the prevention of shingles, and adults are more likely to experience complications from varicella.
4.
Regarding the issue of varicella vaccination for adults, the following link can provide comprehensive answers to your questions.
Please refer to: http://nmx.ntuh.gov.tw/tornado/showdoc.htm?mylink=/scripts/tornado/marker.exe?s=1&p=水痘&i=10543&l=1&c=0&j=10543&c=165,1&link=http%3A%2F%2Fntuh.mc.ntu.edu.tw%2Fmis%2Fntuh%2FEdu_text%2Fhome-05.htm
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2003/04/09

More Info

Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It is characterized by an itchy rash, fever, and fatigue. Most people will contract chickenpox at some point in their lives, particularly during childhood, as it spreads easily through respiratory droplets and direct contact with the rash of an infected person. However, with the introduction of the varicella vaccine, the incidence of chickenpox has significantly decreased in vaccinated populations.

The varicella vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine, meaning it contains a weakened form of the virus that cannot cause the disease in healthy individuals. The vaccine is typically administered in two doses: the first dose is given between 12 to 15 months of age, and the second dose is given between 4 to 6 years of age. This vaccination schedule has been shown to provide strong protection against chickenpox.

Regarding lifelong immunity, most individuals who receive the varicella vaccine will develop immunity to the virus. Studies indicate that about 90% of vaccinated individuals will be protected from chickenpox, and those who do contract the disease after vaccination usually experience a milder form with fewer lesions and lower fever. While the vaccine does not guarantee 100% immunity, it significantly reduces the risk of severe illness and complications associated with chickenpox.

It is important to note that immunity from the vaccine can wane over time, which is why booster doses are recommended in some cases, especially for individuals at higher risk of exposure or complications. Additionally, those who have had chickenpox naturally typically develop lifelong immunity, although there is a small chance of experiencing a second episode, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

In summary, while most people will contract chickenpox at some point, vaccination provides an effective means of prevention. The varicella vaccine not only protects against the disease but also helps to reduce the overall incidence of chickenpox in the community, contributing to herd immunity. Vaccination is a crucial public health measure that helps prevent outbreaks and protects vulnerable populations, such as infants and individuals with weakened immune systems.

To protect yourself and others, it is essential to follow the recommended vaccination schedule and ensure that children receive their vaccinations on time. If you have any concerns about the vaccine or your immunity status, consulting with a healthcare provider can provide personalized guidance and recommendations.

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