Fasting Blood Sugar Levels: What’s Normal? - Internal Medicine

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Understanding fasting blood sugar levels is crucial for assessing metabolic health, especially in individuals who may be at risk for diabetes or related conditions. In your case, your son is practicing intermittent fasting (16:8 method), which can be an effective strategy for weight loss and improving insulin sensitivity. Let’s break down your questions regarding fasting blood sugar levels and what the numbers indicate.

1. Fasting Duration and Accuracy of Blood Sugar Measurement:
Generally, fasting blood sugar tests are most accurate after a fasting period of at least 8 hours, but they can be performed after longer fasting periods as well. In fact, fasting for 12 to 15 hours is common for many individuals undergoing blood tests. However, if fasting extends beyond 15 hours, the body may begin to enter a state of gluconeogenesis, where it produces glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, potentially affecting blood sugar levels. Therefore, while a 15-hour fast can yield accurate results, longer fasting periods may introduce variability depending on individual metabolic responses.

2. Understanding Your Son’s Blood Sugar Levels:
Your son’s blood sugar readings of 98 mg/dL after 5 hours of fasting and 102-105 mg/dL after an overnight fast are within the normal range. The American Diabetes Association defines normal fasting blood sugar levels as less than 100 mg/dL. Levels between 100-125 mg/dL indicate impaired fasting glucose, which is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. Since your son’s readings are slightly above 100 mg/dL but below 126 mg/dL, they suggest that he is in the normal range, albeit on the higher end.
3. Factors Influencing Blood Sugar Levels:
Several factors can influence fasting blood sugar levels, including stress, sleep quality, hydration status, and physical activity. If your son is slightly overweight, it’s possible that his body may be more insulin resistant, which can lead to higher fasting blood sugar levels. However, consistent exercise and dietary changes, such as those he is implementing through intermittent fasting, can help improve insulin sensitivity over time.

4. Recommendations for Monitoring and Lifestyle Adjustments:
It’s essential for your son to continue monitoring his blood sugar levels regularly, especially as he engages in intermittent fasting. Encouraging him to maintain a balanced diet rich in whole foods, including vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats, will support his weight loss goals and overall metabolic health. Additionally, regular physical activity is crucial; it not only aids in weight management but also enhances insulin sensitivity.

5. When to Seek Medical Advice:
If your son’s fasting blood sugar levels consistently exceed 105 mg/dL or if he experiences symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, or fatigue, it would be prudent to consult a healthcare provider. They may recommend further testing, such as an oral glucose tolerance test or an HbA1c test, to assess his blood sugar control over time.

In summary, your son’s fasting blood sugar levels are generally within a normal range, but they are on the higher side of normal. Continued monitoring, combined with a healthy lifestyle, will be key in managing his weight and metabolic health. If there are any concerns or if his blood sugar levels continue to rise, seeking medical advice would be beneficial.