HPV, Vaccines, and Genital Warts: Key Questions Answered

Questions about vaccines and genital warts?

Hello Doctor, my boyfriend recently discovered a growth on his genital area and was diagnosed with genital warts at the clinic.
I don't know much about this condition and would like to ask you a few questions.

1.
I have previously received the HPV vaccine for cervical cancer.
Does the cervical cancer vaccine provide protection against genital warts? If so, how long does this protective effect last?
2.
If I were to become infected, do regular clothing items like underwear and pants prevent the virus from lingering on surfaces such as chairs and beds?
3.
If my boyfriend's lesions are treated and resolved, is he still highly contagious? Can he receive the vaccine to prevent transmission and recurrence?

Niming, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2021/07/08

Dr. Zhang Kunmin reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, the expected effects of the HPV vaccine can reduce the risk of cervical cancer by approximately 65% to 70%; decrease the incidence of cervical precancerous lesions by 50%; lower the occurrence of genital warts by 90%; and reduce infections from HPV types 16 and 18 by 97%.
Generally, sexually transmitted infections are acquired through intimate contact, so the situation you described is unlikely.
However, if you are still concerned or experiencing symptoms, it is advisable to consult a physician for examination and diagnosis.

Although all are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, different serotypes of HPV present distinct forms of skin warts:
1.
Common warts: Primarily caused by HPV serotypes 2, 4, 27, and 29.
They appear as raised, brown, rough, keratotic lesions or plaques, commonly found on the hands, around the nails, or on the limbs.

2.
Plantar warts: Mainly caused by HPV serotype 1.
These occur on the soles of the feet and are more prevalent in children and adolescents.
They are thicker than common warts and may become painful and swollen when they grow too large, causing discomfort while walking.
3.
Flat warts: Primarily caused by HPV serotypes 3 and 10.
They differ from the aforementioned warts in that they are smoother, flatter, and flesh-colored, often appearing on the forehead, face, forearms, and shins.
They are frequently overlooked, leading to delayed treatment or misinterpretation as age spots.
4.
Genital warts (condyloma acuminatum): Mainly caused by HPV serotypes 6 and 11, commonly referred to as "cauliflower," these warts typically occur on the genitalia and perianal area.
They are primarily caused by unsafe sexual contact.
Genital warts have different clinical presentations and transmission routes compared to the three types of warts mentioned above.

If you have already been infected with certain types of HPV, receiving the HPV vaccine will not prevent diseases caused by those already infected types.
Thank you! Wishing you peace and health.
Dr.
Zhang

Reply Date: 2021/07/08

More Info

Understanding HPV, Vaccines, and Genital Warts: Key Questions Answered
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that can lead to various health issues, including genital warts and certain types of cancer, such as cervical cancer. It's understandable to have questions, especially when a partner has been diagnosed with genital warts. Let's address your concerns one by one.

1. Does the cervical cancer vaccine protect against genital warts?
The cervical cancer vaccine, specifically the Gardasil and Gardasil 9 vaccines, provides protection against several high-risk HPV types that can lead to cervical cancer, as well as low-risk types that cause genital warts, namely HPV types 6 and 11. If you have received the vaccine, you are likely protected against these specific types of HPV that cause genital warts. The protection from the vaccine is expected to last for many years, with studies indicating that it can provide long-term immunity, potentially lasting over a decade. However, it is important to note that the vaccine does not treat existing infections; it is preventive.

2. Can everyday clothing prevent the virus from spreading?
HPV is primarily transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, particularly during sexual activity. While clothing such as underwear and pants can provide a barrier, they are not foolproof. HPV can still be transmitted through contact with infected skin or mucous membranes. It is advisable to maintain good hygiene and avoid sharing personal items like towels or undergarments. Cleaning surfaces with disinfectants can help reduce the risk of transmission, but the primary concern remains direct contact.

3. If my boyfriend's warts are treated, is he still contagious?
After treatment, the risk of transmitting HPV decreases significantly, but it is not entirely eliminated. Even after the visible warts are removed, the virus can remain dormant in the body. Therefore, there is still a possibility of transmission, albeit at a lower risk. Vaccination can help reduce the risk of future infections and may also help prevent the recurrence of warts, but it does not eliminate the existing virus. It is advisable for your boyfriend to discuss vaccination with his healthcare provider, as it may provide additional protection against other HPV types.

In summary, while the cervical cancer vaccine does offer protection against the types of HPV that cause genital warts, it is essential to understand that it does not treat existing infections. Good hygiene practices and open communication with your partner about health and preventive measures are crucial. If you have concerns about your own health or potential exposure, consider consulting a healthcare provider for personalized advice and possible testing. Regular screenings and vaccinations are key components in managing HPV-related health risks.

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