Cirrhosis: Causes, Treatments, and Health Tips

What is cirrhosis and how is it treated?

Blood test report: Cirrhosis.
Fatty liver index 3373 ng/dl for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 135 and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 120.
I am a smoker and overweight.
Recently, I underwent a health check and found the above indices to be abnormal.
What is cirrhosis? How should it be treated? What is the severity of this condition on the body? How should I take care of my health? Thank you for clarifying!

kāndī, 60~69 year old female. Ask Date: 2003/05/19

Dr. Huang Shuli reply Nutrition

Your blood test results indicate abnormal liver function, but fatty liver disease or cirrhosis should be diagnosed through abdominal ultrasound.
Approximately half of the causes of chronic liver dysfunction are due to fatty liver disease, which is reversible.
By eliminating the underlying causes (such as quitting smoking and alcohol, and losing weight) and maintaining a normal lifestyle (including a balanced diet and avoiding late nights), you can protect your liver.
Cirrhosis is the final outcome of all chronic hepatitis, where the structure of the liver lobules is damaged and separated by proliferating fibrous tissue, surrounding regenerative nodules, leading to poor liver circulation, a reduction in liver cells, and declining function.
In the late stages, there are many symptoms, including ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, jaundice, and tea-colored urine.
Please ensure regular monitoring of your liver function changes.
Thank you!

Reply Date: 2003/05/19

More Info

Cirrhosis is a late-stage liver disease characterized by the replacement of healthy liver tissue with scar tissue, which impairs liver function. This condition can arise from various underlying causes, including chronic alcohol abuse, viral hepatitis (especially hepatitis B and C), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and autoimmune liver diseases. In your case, the presence of elevated liver enzymes and the diagnosis of cirrhosis suggest that your liver is under significant stress, likely due to factors such as smoking and being overweight.

Causes of Cirrhosis
1. Chronic Alcohol Abuse: Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the most common causes of cirrhosis. The liver metabolizes alcohol, and chronic exposure can lead to inflammation and scarring.

2. Viral Hepatitis: Hepatitis B and C are viral infections that can lead to chronic liver inflammation and cirrhosis over time.

3. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): This condition is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver in individuals who drink little or no alcohol. It is often associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

4. Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like autoimmune hepatitis can cause the immune system to attack liver cells, leading to inflammation and scarring.

5. Genetic Disorders: Certain inherited conditions, such as hemochromatosis (iron overload) and Wilson's disease (copper accumulation), can also lead to cirrhosis.

Treatment Options
The treatment for cirrhosis primarily focuses on managing the underlying cause and preventing further liver damage. Here are some general approaches:
1. Lifestyle Changes:
- Avoid Alcohol: Completely abstaining from alcohol is crucial for anyone with liver disease.

- Weight Management: Losing weight can significantly improve liver health, especially in cases of NAFLD.

- Healthy Diet: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can support liver function. Reducing salt intake can help manage fluid retention.

2. Medications: Depending on the cause of cirrhosis, medications may be prescribed. For instance, antiviral medications for hepatitis B or C, immunosuppressants for autoimmune hepatitis, or medications to manage complications like portal hypertension.

3. Regular Monitoring: Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor liver function and manage any complications that may arise.

4. Liver Transplant: In severe cases where liver function is significantly compromised, a liver transplant may be necessary.

Health Tips for Managing Cirrhosis
1. Regular Check-ups: Regular blood tests and imaging studies can help monitor liver function and detect any complications early.

2. Avoid Hepatotoxic Substances: Stay away from medications and substances that can further damage the liver, including certain over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen.

3. Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help maintain overall health and support liver function.

4. Vaccinations: Ensure vaccinations for hepatitis A and B, as well as influenza and pneumococcal vaccines, to prevent additional liver stress.

5. Quit Smoking: Smoking can exacerbate liver disease and increase the risk of liver cancer.

Severity and Prognosis
Cirrhosis is a serious condition that can lead to life-threatening complications, including liver failure, liver cancer, and portal hypertension. The severity of cirrhosis can vary, and it is often classified into stages. Early detection and management can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life.
In conclusion, cirrhosis is a serious condition that requires careful management and lifestyle adjustments. It is essential to work closely with your healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan and to make the necessary lifestyle changes to support your liver health. Regular monitoring and proactive management can help mitigate the risks associated with cirrhosis and improve your overall well-being.

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