Syphilis and HIV Transmission Risks in Everyday Situations - Internal Medicine

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Transmission of Syphilis and HIV


1.
If I have eczema on my hands and come into contact with a significant amount of sweat from a person with HIV or syphilis, or if I handle money that has been contaminated with bodily fluids after using the restroom, what is the likelihood of contracting syphilis or HIV?
2.
If I visit an infectious disease clinic and only wear PVC gloves while opening a doorknob, can the viruses for syphilis or HIV penetrate the gloves, especially since I have a wound from a viral wart on my hand?

Miss Lin, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2021/11/17

Dr. Liao Zhongxin reply Internal Medicine


According to data from the Centers for Disease Control, HIV is transmitted through contact with blood or bodily fluids (semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk) that come into contact with mucous membranes or open skin.
The modes of transmission include: 1.
Sexual transmission: Engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse (not using condoms correctly and consistently along with water-based lubricants) with an HIV-infected individual, including oral, anal, vaginal intercourse, or other forms of fluid exchange, carries the risk of HIV infection.
2.
Blood transmission: (1) Receiving or coming into contact with HIV-contaminated blood or blood products.
(2) Sharing needles (needles, syringes, diluents) or sharp instruments such as razors and toothbrushes with an HIV-infected person.
(3) Receiving an organ transplant from an HIV-infected individual.
3.
Vertical transmission from mother to child: An HIV-infected mother can transmit the virus directly to her newborn during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
From the above, it is evident that the modes of transmission are primarily these three, while inadequate hand hygiene (not washing hands before and after contact with the environment and patients) may lead to the acquisition of other infectious diseases.

Reply Date: 2021/11/17

More Info


When discussing the transmission risks of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV and syphilis, it is crucial to understand the modes of transmission and the conditions under which these viruses can be spread.
1. Contact with Sweat and Body Fluids: The risk of contracting HIV or syphilis through contact with sweat or body fluids, especially when you have eczema or open wounds, is generally considered low. HIV is primarily transmitted through specific bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. Sweat is not a known vector for HIV transmission. However, if you have open wounds or eczema, there is a potential risk for other infections, as broken skin can allow pathogens to enter the body. In the case of syphilis, the bacteria that cause it can enter through mucous membranes or broken skin, but the likelihood of transmission through sweat is minimal.
2. Using Gloves and Contact with Surfaces: When it comes to using PVC gloves while interacting with potentially contaminated surfaces, it is important to note that while gloves provide a barrier, they are not infallible. If the gloves are intact and there are no tears or punctures, the risk of transmission through contact with surfaces is low. However, if you have a wound on your hand (such as a wart), there is a risk that the virus or bacteria could enter through that wound if the gloves are compromised or if you touch your face or mucous membranes after contact.
In summary, while the risk of contracting HIV or syphilis through contact with sweat or contaminated surfaces while wearing gloves is low, it is not zero, especially if there are open wounds involved. It is always advisable to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands thoroughly after potential exposure and avoiding contact with bodily fluids whenever possible.
For individuals concerned about potential exposure to HIV or syphilis, it is recommended to get tested regularly, especially if engaging in behaviors that may increase risk. If there is a specific incident of concern, such as unprotected sexual contact, seeking medical advice and possibly post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV may be warranted.
In conclusion, while the risk of transmission in the scenarios you described is low, it is essential to remain vigilant about personal health and hygiene practices to minimize any potential risks associated with STIs. Regular testing and open communication with healthcare providers can help manage and mitigate these risks effectively.

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